Modeling AC current conduction through a human tooth

Impedance between the electrode inserted in a root canal of a human tooth and the outer electrode placed on the oral mucosa serves as a measure of the root canal length, a vital parameter necessary for efficient endodontic procedure in dentistry. For better understanding of current conduction through the tooth, the impedance has been measured on extracted teeth (in vitro) and further used to develop corresponding electrical lumped element models. For modeling the metal/solution interface and complex structure of the tooth, Fricke's constant phase elements are employed. More detailed insight into current conduction is given by numerical simulation. Numerical simulation demonstrates the influence on the impedance of several important parameters, such as dentin conductance, canal preparation, and solution conductance.