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Related Experiment Video

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A Restriction Enzyme Based Cloning Method to Assess the In vitro Replication Capacity of HIV-1 Subtype C Gag-MJ4 Chimeric Viruses

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Envelope-constrained neutralization-sensitive HIV-1 after heterosexual transmission.

Cynthia A Derdeyn¹, Julie M Decker, Frederic Bibollet-Ruche

¹Department of Microbiology, University of Alabama at Birmingham, Birmingham, AL 35294 USA.

Science (New York, N.Y.)

|March 27, 2004

Summary

Newly identified human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) strains transmitted heterosexually possess specific envelope glycoproteins. These viruses are susceptible to antibodies from the transmitting partner, offering insights for vaccine development.

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Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Ex Vivo Infection of Human Lymphoid Tissue and Female Genital Mucosa with Human Immunodeficiency Virus 1 and Histoculture

Published on: October 12, 2018

Area of Science:

Virology
Immunology
Epidemiology

Background:

Heterosexual transmission is the primary route of human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) spread globally.
Key viral characteristics driving HIV-1 transmission efficiency remain largely unknown.

Purpose of the Study:

To identify specific viral properties of HIV-1 associated with successful heterosexual transmission.
To understand the role of envelope glycoproteins in early viral outgrowth and host immune response.

Main Methods:

Analysis of viral isolates from eight heterosexual HIV-1 transmission pairs.
Phylogenetic analysis of transmitted viruses.
Characterization of envelope glycoproteins for compactness and glycan shielding.
Assessment of viral sensitivity to neutralization by donor-derived antibodies.

Main Results:

Transmitted HIV-1 strains were monophyletic, indicating a single founder virus.
These viruses encoded compact, glycan-restricted envelope glycoproteins.
Recipient viruses showed heightened sensitivity to neutralization by the transmitting partner's antibodies, suggesting conserved epitopes.

Conclusions:

The characteristics of envelope glycoproteins, particularly their restricted glycan shielding and conserved neutralizing epitopes, are critical for HIV-1 transmission.
These findings suggest that viruses maintaining exposure to neutralizing antibodies are favored during initial transmission.
Understanding these transmission drivers has significant implications for the design of effective HIV-1 vaccines.