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Updated: Jul 30, 2026

Pre-clinical Evaluation of Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitors for Treatment of Acute Leukemia
Published on: September 18, 2013
Staged informed consent for a randomized clinical trial in childhood leukemia: impact on the consent process
A L Angiolillo1, C Simon, E Kodish
1Division of Hematology/Oncology, Children's National Medical Center, Washington, DC 20010, USA. aangioli@cnmc.org
Background:
Children Cancer Group (CCG) 1991 is the first childhood acute lymphoblastic leukemia trial within CCG that allowed the utilization of a staged approach to the consent process.
Methods:
One hundred and forty subjects participated in the Project on Informed Consent which compared the primary outcome measures in the consent process of patients enrolled in CCG-1991 with those enrolled in other CCG leukemia studies.
Results:
The parents' trust scores were higher for the CCG-1991 compared with other protocols. Eighty percent of parents enrolled in CCG-1991 understood the distinction between the randomized clinical trial and the standard treatment arm, compared with 62.5% in the other studies, P = 0.05. Multiple other outcome measures suggested a positive impact from staged informed consent.
Conclusions:
Our results suggest that a consent process with a staged approach can help investigators obtain a more truly informed consent. Future research is needed to confirm the benefits of the staged approach to the informed consent process.
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