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Related Experiment Videos

Maternal perceptions and adolescent self-esteem: a six-year longitudinal study.

Kati Heinonen1, Katri Räikkönen, Liisa Keltikangas-Järvinen

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Helsinki, Finland.

Adolescence
|April 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Childhood temperament and maternal attitudes significantly impact adolescent self-esteem, particularly in girls. Difficult child temperament predicted negative parenting, which in turn lowered girls' self-esteem over time.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental Psychology
  • Child Psychology
  • Adolescent Psychology

Background:

  • Longitudinal studies are crucial for understanding developmental trajectories.
  • Self-esteem development is influenced by early life experiences and relationships.
  • Gender differences in developmental pathways are well-documented.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To examine the longitudinal associations between maternal child-rearing attitudes, role satisfaction, and perceived child temperament with adolescent self-esteem.
  • To investigate gender-specific developmental patterns in self-esteem.
  • To explore the mediating role of maternal attitudes in the relationship between child temperament and self-esteem.

Main Methods:

  • A six-year longitudinal study involving two age cohorts (6 and 9 years old at baseline) from the Cardiovascular Risk in Young Finns study.

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  • Data collected at baseline and three-year follow-up included maternal child-rearing attitudes, role satisfaction, and perceived child temperament.
  • Adolescent self-esteem was assessed via self-reports at ages 12 and 15.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant gender differences emerged; childhood variables individually predicted self-esteem in girls but not boys.
    • Maternal hostile child-rearing attitudes and low role satisfaction were associated with lower adolescent self-esteem in girls.
    • Perceived difficult child temperament at baseline predicted hostile child-rearing attitudes at follow-up, which subsequently predicted lower self-esteem in girls.

    Conclusions:

    • Early childhood temperament and maternal factors play a significant role in shaping adolescent girls' self-esteem.
    • The findings highlight the importance of considering gender in developmental research.
    • Interventions aimed at improving maternal attitudes and managing challenging child temperaments may support positive self-esteem development in girls.