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Related Experiment Videos

The projection of implicit and explicit goals.

Christie L K Kawada1, Gabriele Oettingen, Peter M Gollwitzer

  • 1Department of Psychology, New York University, New York, NY 10003, USA. ck336@nyu.edu

Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
|April 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary

People project their conscious and nonconscious goals onto others. This study shows that both learning and competitive goals are projected, influencing social perception.

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Area of Science:

  • Social Psychology
  • Cognitive Psychology

Background:

  • Understanding goal projection is crucial for explaining interpersonal perceptions.
  • Previous research has not fully explored projection for both conscious and nonconscious goals.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether goal projection extends to both conscious and nonconscious goals.
  • To examine the specific types of goals (learning, performance, competitive) that are projected.
  • To differentiate between trait-based projection and actual goal-driven projection.

Main Methods:

  • Three experiments were conducted to test goal projection.
  • Experiment 1: Assessed projection of learning vs. performance goals based on predisposition.
  • Experiment 2: Examined projection of competitive goals via implicit priming and explicit assignment.

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  • Experiment 3: Differentiated projection of competitive goals from the trait of competitiveness.

    • Main Results:

    • Participants predisposed to learning goals projected them onto others.
    • Both implicitly and explicitly induced competitive goals were projected onto others.
    • Actual competitive goals, not just the trait, were shown to be projected.
    • Automatic goal projection effects were controllable.

    Conclusions:

    • Goal projection is a robust phenomenon influencing social perception.
    • Both conscious and nonconscious goals, such as learning and competition, are subject to projection.
    • Understanding goal projection is key to managing interpersonal interactions and consequences.