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Negative affects deriving from the behavioral approach system.

Charles S Carver1

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Miami, Coral Gables, FL 33124, USA. ccarver@miami.edu

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|April 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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The behavioral approach system (BAS) links to negative emotions like frustration and anger, particularly when pursuing goals. The behavioral inhibition system (BIS) was not uniquely linked to these negative affects.

Area of Science:

  • Psychology
  • Neuroscience
  • Affective Science

Background:

  • Theories of motivation distinguish between the behavioral approach system (BAS) and the behavioral inhibition system (BIS).
  • Existing research primarily links negative affects to the BIS, but the role of the BAS in negative emotional experiences requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate whether the behavioral approach system (BAS) is associated with specific negative affects.
  • To determine if negative affects are exclusively linked to the behavioral inhibition system (BIS).

Main Methods:

  • Three studies were conducted using self-report measures.
  • Study 1 examined "Fun Seeking" and negative affects following frustrative nonreward.
  • Studies 2 and 3 assessed "Reward Responsiveness" and "Drive" in relation to anger and other negative emotions in response to scenarios and real-world events.

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Main Results:

  • Self-reported "Fun Seeking" predicted frustration and sadness.
  • "Reward Responsiveness" and "Drive" predicted anger.
  • Behavioral inhibition system (BIS) sensitivity did not uniquely predict these negative affects, though it was linked to nervousness and fear in specific contexts.

Conclusions:

  • The behavioral approach system (BAS) plays a role in experiencing negative affects such as frustration and anger, especially during goal pursuit.
  • Negative affects like anger and frustration may arise from the BAS's engagement in effortful goal pursuit.
  • Depressed affect might be associated with disengagement from goals, suggesting a nuanced role for both BAS and BIS in emotional experiences.