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Related Experiment Videos

Gender and culture differences in emotion.

Agneta H Fischer1, Patricia M Rodriguez Mosquera, Annelies E M van Vianen

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Amsterdam, Amsterdam, Netherlands. a.h.fischer@uva.nl

Emotion (Washington, D.C.)
|April 1, 2004
PubMed
Summary

This study examined global gender differences in emotions, finding men express more powerful emotions and women more powerless ones across 37 countries. These emotional patterns showed some links to women's societal status and roles.

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Area of Science:

  • Cross-cultural psychology
  • Social psychology
  • Emotion research

Background:

  • Previous research indicates gender differences in emotional expression, with men reporting more powerful emotions (e.g., anger) and women more powerless emotions (e.g., sadness, fear) in Western cultures.
  • The universality of this pattern across diverse cultures remains to be fully understood.
  • Societal factors, such as women's status and roles, may influence the magnitude of these gender differences in emotion.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To test the cross-cultural universality of gender-specific emotion reporting patterns.
  • To investigate whether the strength of gender differences in emotion expression is moderated by women's status and roles in society.
  • To analyze a global dataset encompassing 37 countries.

Main Methods:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Secondary analysis of a cross-cultural dataset on gender differences in 6 emotions.
  • Data collected from participants across 37 countries worldwide.
  • Statistical analysis incorporating the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) to assess women's status and roles.

Main Results:

  • The general pattern of men reporting more powerful emotions and women reporting more powerless emotions was replicated globally.
  • Significant interactions between gender differences in emotion and the Gender Empowerment Measure (GEM) were observed, though only in some instances.
  • The findings suggest a widespread, yet not entirely uniform, cross-cultural expression of gendered emotions.

Conclusions:

  • The study confirms a broadly universal pattern of gender differences in emotion reporting across cultures.
  • Women's societal status and roles, as measured by the GEM, partially moderate these emotional gender differences.
  • Further research is needed to explore the nuanced interplay between culture, gender, and emotional expression worldwide.