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Biosphere 2 Center as a unique tool for environmental studies.
Achim Walter1, Susanne Carmen Lambrecht
1Biosphere 2 Center, Columbia University, PO Box 689, Oracle, AZ 85623, USA. a.walter@fz-juelich.de
Journal of Environmental Monitoring : JEM
|April 1, 2004
Summary
Biosphere 2, an artificial ecosystem, initially failed but later served as a valuable tool for experimental climate change research by precisely controlling conditions in its diverse mesocosms.
Area of Science:
- Ecological sciences
- Environmental science
- Climate change research
Background:
- Biosphere 2 is a 12,700 m2 self-contained glasshouse in Arizona, designed as a sealed, artificial ecosystem to test human self-sufficiency.
- Initial mission failure in 1990 was attributed to overly rich organic soils, casting doubt on the project's scientific viability.
- Operated by Columbia University from 1995 to 2003, the facility shifted focus to experimental climate change science.
Purpose of the Study:
- To utilize Biosphere 2's controlled environment for studying climate change effects.
- To investigate the impact of elevated CO2, altered temperature, and irrigation on various mesocosms.
Main Methods:
- Precise control of climatic conditions within the rainforest, coral reef, and agriforestry mesocosms.
- Conducting experimental studies simulating aspects of global climate change.
Main Results:
- The facility proved to be a valuable tool for global climate change research.
- Demonstrated the ability to manipulate and study climate variables in a contained environment.
Conclusions:
- Biosphere 2, despite initial setbacks, became a significant facility for experimental climate change research.
- The future of the facility remains uncertain as management transitions, with potential for abandonment or a new phase.