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An In Vivo Estrogen Deficiency Mouse Model for Screening Exogenous Estrogen Treatments of Cardiovascular Dysfunction After Menopause
Published on: August 13, 2019
Impact of menopause on lipid and bone metabolism and effect of hormone replacement therapy
Takayo Murano1, Shun-ichiro Izumi, Goh Kika
1Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology of Specialized Clinical Science, Tokai University School of Medicine, Isehara, Kanagawa, Japan.
Background:
Hyperlipidemia and osteoporosis are the medical targets to improve the quality of life of increasing elderly women.
Objective:
To elucidate the effect of menopause and hormone replacement therapy (HRT) on lipid and bone metabolism.
Subjects:
With their written informed consent, studied were 89 postmenopausal with 30 premenopausal women, and postmenopausal 35 were assigned into HRT (n = 18) or control group (n = 17); the former received conjugated equine estrogen (0.625 mg/day) and medroxyprogesterone acetate (2.5 mg/day), the latter calcium aspartate (800 mg/day).
Outcome Measured:
Parameters were measured for lipids; total cholesterol (TC), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDLC), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDLC), triglycerides (TG), lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins as well as for bone metabolism; parathyroid hormone (PTH), 1,25(OH)2D3, bone type of alkaline phosphatase (b-ALP), intact bone gla protein (I-BGP), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase (TRAP) in serum. Bone mineral density (BMD) of lumbar spine was measured by dual energy X-ray absorptiometry (DEXA). Two atherogenic indices (AIs) were calculated: AIc equals [TC - HDLC]/HDLC, and AIap equals (apolipoprotein B)/(apolipoprotein A1).
Results:
TC increased in approximately 10% within 2 years after menopause with increased LDLC (approximately 20%) and decreased HDLC (approximately 10%), and atherogenic indices were both elevated. In HRT, HDLC increased, while TC and LDLC and TG showed no significant change; lumbar BMD increased by 3% after 12 month, while bone formation markers decreased; PTH increased and 1,25(OH)2D3 decreased.
Conclusion:
We provided the natural changes of lipid and bone metabolism after menopause and how extent an estrogen replacement can reset these changes.
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