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Related Experiment Videos

Risk factors in allergy/asthma.

Harold B Kaiser1

  • 1University of Minnesota Medical School and Allergy and Asthma Specialists, Minneapolis, Minnesota, USA.

Allergy and Asthma Proceedings
|April 2, 2004
PubMed
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Allergic rhinitis and asthma are rising, with genetics being the strongest risk factor. However, environmental factors and lifestyle changes also significantly influence the development of these atopic diseases.

Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Environmental Health
  • Epidemiology

Background:

  • Rising incidence of allergic rhinitis and asthma globally.
  • Multiple theories exist, including genetics, environmental exposures, and lifestyle factors.
  • Atopic diseases have a strong familial link, with family history being the primary risk factor.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To explore the complex interplay between genetic predisposition and environmental factors in the development of allergic rhinitis and asthma.
  • To review current evidence on risk factors, including indoor allergens, early life exposures, and the hygiene hypothesis.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing literature on allergic rhinitis and asthma etiology.
  • Analysis of genetic and environmental risk factors.

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  • Examination of the hygiene hypothesis and its implications.

    • Main Results:

    • Family history (genetics) is the most significant risk factor for atopic disease.
    • Sensitization to indoor allergens is a major risk factor in genetically susceptible individuals.
    • Emerging evidence suggests early exposure to endotoxins, farm environments, and pets may be protective.

    Conclusions:

    • While genetics play a crucial role, environmental factors and lifestyle significantly impact atopic disease development.
    • The hygiene hypothesis warrants further investigation, particularly regarding early life exposures.
    • Further research is needed to clarify the complex, and sometimes contradictory, environmental influences on allergy and asthma.