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Updated: Aug 25, 2026

Adjunctive Diode Laser Therapy and Probiotic Lactobacillus Therapy in the Treatment of Periodontitis and Peri-Implant Disease
Published on: May 9, 2022
Tobacco cessation and nicotine replacement therapy for dental practice
Arden G Christen1, Stephen J Jay, Joan A Christen
1Indiana University Nicotine Dependence Program, Indiana University School of Dentistry, Indianapolis, USA.
Abstract:
Addictive tobacco use is the single greatest cause of disease and premature death in America today, responsible for more than 430,000 deaths annually. Smoked and smokeless tobacco intake have profound ill effects on oral tissues, especially those tissues associated with periodontal structures. This article describes the interactive aspects of addictive cigarette smoking and presents specific clinical and systems-based tobacco cessation interventions that can be utilized by health care providers. These programs offer a structured, multifaceted, and behavioral-based approach that includes the utilization of nicotine replacement therapy (NRT), monitoring and follow-up. The health care professional must consider all medical contraindications before using tobacco cessation medications.
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