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[Pulmonary embolism. Modern concepts].

Maria João Marta1, Luiz Menezes Falcão, Luciano Ravara

  • 1Serviço de Medicina I do Hospital de Santa Maria, Lisboa.

Revista Portuguesa De Cirurgia Cardio-Toracica E Vascular : Orgao Oficial Da Sociedade Portuguesa De Cirurgia Cardio-Toracica E Vascular
|April 3, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a common, life-threatening condition. This review covers PE epidemiology, diagnosis, and treatment, highlighting the need for further research on risk factors and low-molecular-weight heparin efficacy.

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Area of Science:

  • Cardiology and Respiratory Medicine
  • Medical Diagnostics
  • Pharmacology

Context:

  • Pulmonary embolism (PE) is a significant cause of illness and death.
  • Genetic factors explain only a small portion of PE cases, necessitating identification of other risk factors.
  • PE severity varies widely, from asymptomatic to fatal events.

Purpose:

  • To present an updated review of the international literature on pulmonary embolism.
  • To focus on epidemiology, pathophysiology, diagnosis, potential treatments, and prognosis.
  • To address the limited information on low-molecular-weight heparin's efficacy and safety in initial PE treatment.

Summary:

  • Diagnostic strategies for suspected PE include echocardiography and V/Q scans, with CT and MRI showing promise for indeterminate cases.

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  • Pulmonary angiography is less favored due to invasiveness and cost.
  • Unfractionated heparin is standard treatment, while thrombolytics are for hemodynamically unstable patients; LMWH data is limited.

    • Impact:

    • Provides a comprehensive overview to guide clinical practice and future research in pulmonary embolism.
    • Highlights critical areas for investigation, including non-genetic risk factors and optimal anticoagulation strategies.
    • Aims to improve patient outcomes by synthesizing current knowledge on PE diagnosis and management.