Sprains--residual instability of subtalar, Lisfranc joints, and turf toe

Sprains of the hindfoot, midfoot and forefoot are being diagnosed with more regularity in athletes. Each of these injuries can go on to develop chronic instability with associated disability. With early diagnosis and appropriate treatment significant morbidity and loss of playing time can be avoided. Knowledge of the relevant anatomy, mechanism of injury, and available diagnostic tools is essential for making the proper diagnosis. Once the correct diagnosis is made, proper treatment can be implemented to avoid long term complications of instability.