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Diet and lung cancer.

P Fabricius1, P Lange

  • 1Department of Respiratory Medicine, 221, Hvidovre Hospital, 2650 Hvidovre, Denmark. peder.fabricius@VIP.cybercity.dk

Monaldi Archives for Chest Disease = Archivio Monaldi Per Le Malattie Del Torace
|April 7, 2004
PubMed
Summary

A diet rich in fruits and vegetables may reduce lung cancer incidence by 25%. However, vitamin and beta-carotene supplements offer no protection and may increase mortality risk, underscoring smoking as the primary cause.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Nutritional Science
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Lung cancer is a leading cause of cancer mortality globally.
  • While smoking is the primary risk factor, dietary influences are also significant.
  • Understanding diet's role is crucial for prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review the impact of diet on lung cancer incidence.
  • To evaluate the efficacy of specific nutrient supplementation.
  • To provide evidence-based recommendations for lung cancer prevention.

Main Methods:

  • Systematic literature search of MedLine and Embase databases.
  • Keywords: diet, lung cancer.
  • Prioritization of recent reviews and large-scale original research.

Main Results:

  • A diet high in fruits and vegetables is associated with a ~25% reduction in lung cancer incidence.
  • This protective effect is observed across current, former, and never smokers.
  • Vitamin A, C, E, and beta-carotene supplementation showed no protective benefit.
  • Beta-carotene supplementation was linked to increased mortality in two major trials.

Conclusions:

  • Dietary patterns rich in fruits and vegetables can significantly lower lung cancer risk.
  • Supplementation with specific vitamins and beta-carotene is not recommended for lung cancer prevention.
  • Smoking cessation remains paramount, with diet offering only minor amelioration of risks.

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