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Enteric motor and interneuronal circuits controlling motility.

J C Bornstein1, M Costa, J R Grider

  • 1Department of Physiology, University of Melbourne, Parkville, Australia. j.bornstein@unimelb.edu.au

Neurogastroenterology and Motility
|April 7, 2004
PubMed
Summary
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The enteric nervous system controls gut movement using specific neurons. This review details motor neurons and interneurons in simple gut reflex pathways, focusing on the guinea-pig ileum.

Area of Science:

  • Neuroscience
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • The enteric nervous system (ENS) is a complex network regulating intestinal motility.
  • It comprises intrinsic sensory neurons, interneurons, and motor neurons controlling gut functions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review motor neurons and interneurons in simple motility reflex pathways.
  • To focus on the guinea-pig ileum model for understanding these pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Literature review of ENS function in intestinal motility.
  • Analysis of neurotransmitter content and receptor interactions in identified neuronal types.

Main Results:

  • Excitatory motor neurons use choline acetyltransferase (ChAT) and tachykinins, acting on muscarinic and NK receptors.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Inhibitory motor neurons utilize nitric oxide synthase (NOS), vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP), and pituitary adenylyl cyclase activating peptide (PACAP), transmitting via ATP, NO, and VIP.
  • Ascending interneurons (ChAT/tachykinins) communicate via nicotinic acetylcholine receptors (nAChR) and NK3 receptors.
  • Descending interneurons involve ATP acting at P2X receptors, with NOS-containing neurons receiving input via P2Y receptors.

    • Conclusions:

    • Detailed characterization of neuronal signaling in simple ENS reflex pathways.
    • Identified specific neurotransmitters and receptors involved in excitation and inhibition of intestinal motility.
    • Highlighted remaining gaps in understanding transmission for certain descending interneuron subtypes.