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Related Experiment Videos

Creatinine analysis in single collection urine specimens.

S B Needleman1, M Porvaznik, D Ander

  • 1Navy Drug Screening Laboratory, Great Lakes, IL.

Journal of Forensic Sciences
|July 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Urine creatinine concentration decreases with fluid intake, indicating specimen dilution. Low creatinine levels (≤ 30 mg/dL) suggest potential tampering, aiding drug use detection efforts.

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Area of Science:

  • Clinical Chemistry
  • Toxicology
  • Forensic Science

Background:

  • Urine adulteration is a concern in drug testing.
  • Creatinine levels in urine can be affected by fluid intake.
  • Accurate interpretation of urine drug tests requires specimen integrity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the relationship between fluid intake and urine creatinine concentration.
  • To determine the time course of creatinine decline after fluid ingestion.
  • To establish creatinine concentration thresholds for identifying potential urine specimen adulteration.

Main Methods:

  • Controlled and uncontrolled fluid intake studies with volunteers.
  • Collection of urine specimens at various time points.
  • Creatinine analysis using a modified Abbott TDx procedure.

Main Results:

  • Single urine specimen creatinine values correlate with 24-hour pooled samples.
  • Creatinine concentration decreases significantly within 4-7 hours of fluid intake.
  • Creatinine levels of ≤ 30 mg/dL are used as a cutoff for potential adulteration, with ≤ 10 mg/dL suggesting water replacement.

Conclusions:

  • Urine creatinine concentration is a sensitive indicator of dilution due to fluid intake.
  • Low creatinine levels can signify urine specimen adulteration, aiding in the detection of drug use avoidance.
  • Established cutoffs help differentiate between dilute specimens and those tampered with.

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