Intestinal steroids in rats are influenced by the structural parameters of pectin

We investigated the effects of pectin with different degrees of methylation (34.5, 70.8, and 92.6%, respectively) on the composition and concentration of intestinal and fecal bile acids and neutral sterols in conventional and germfree rats. Diets containing 6.5% pectin (galacturonan) were given for 3 weeks. High concentrations of free and secondary bile acids appeared in cecum and colon of conventional rats. With increasing degree of methylation, more bile acids were transported into lower parts of intestinal tract and excreted whereas the proportion of secondary bile acids decreased. In contrast, the composition of bile acids in intestinal contents and feces was relatively unchanged in germfree rats. Exclusively cholesterol was found as a neutral sterol in germfree rats. Coprostanol appeared in cecum of conventional rats and additionally coprostanone in colon. Amounts of neutral sterols increased with increasing degree of methylation of pectin. Additionally, concentrations of bile acids in plasma decreased if the pectin-containing diets were given. Besides the degree of methylation, the molecular weight of pectin used in the diets influenced concentration and composition of intestinal and fecal steroids in rats.