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Genetic immunisation against hepatitis B using whole bacteriophage lambda particles.

John B March¹, Jason R Clark, Catherine D Jepson

¹Moredun Research Institute, International Research Centre, Pentlands Science Park, Bush Loan, Penicuik EH26 0PZ, Scotland, UK. marcj@mri.sari.ac.uk

|April 8, 2004

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Bacteriophage lambda particles carrying DNA vaccines induced specific immune responses in mice and rabbits. High antibody titers against the phage carrier did not impede vaccine efficacy, suggesting a promising new DNA vaccine delivery system.

Area of Science:

Immunology
Molecular Biology
Biotechnology

Background:

DNA vaccines offer a promising alternative to traditional vaccines.
Bacteriophage lambda particles present a novel potential delivery vehicle for DNA vaccines.
Evaluating the immunogenicity and efficacy of bacteriophage lambda-based DNA vaccines is crucial.

Purpose of the Study:

To assess the immunogenicity of DNA vaccines delivered via bacteriophage lambda particles in mice and rabbits.
To determine if pre-existing antibodies against bacteriophage lambda affect vaccine efficacy.
To compare the immune response generated by bacteriophage lambda DNA vaccines with traditional recombinant protein vaccines.

Main Methods:

Mice and rabbits were intramuscularly vaccinated with bacteriophage lambda particles encoding enhanced green fluorescent protein (lambda-EGFP) or hepatitis B surface antigen (lambda-HBsAg).

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Humoral immune responses against EGFP and HBsAg were measured post-vaccination.

Antibody titers against bacteriophage lambda were also assessed to evaluate potential interference with vaccine-induced immunity.

Main Results:

Mice vaccinated with lambda-EGFP showed specific anti-EGFP responses.
Rabbits vaccinated with lambda-HBsAg developed high-level anti-HBsAg responses, comparable to recombinant HBsAg protein, which were sustained for over six months.
High anti-phage antibody titers did not prevent robust anti-HBsAg responses, indicating the carrier did not impede vaccine efficacy.

Conclusions:

Bacteriophage lambda particles are effective delivery vehicles for DNA vaccines, eliciting significant immune responses in animal models.
The immune response against the bacteriophage carrier does not inhibit the vaccine-specific immune response.
This phage-based DNA vaccine strategy holds potential for future vaccine development, possibly offering enhanced efficiency due to DNA packaging size.