Vein of Galen malformations: review

Vein of Galen malformations are unique congenital malformations of the cerebral vasculature that result in persistence and 'aneurysmal' dilatation of the venous structures. The varied clinical presentations and their distinctive and complex angioarchitecture make it important for the caring physician to understand their embryological and pathophysiological aspects. Management of these lesions--both in the neonatal period and at the time of definitive intervention, is challenging. Considering the rarity of these lesions, there are very few studies that have been able to compare the results of different techniques in the management. Continuing developments in the diagnostic as well as interventional aspects during the last two decades have radically changed the management of these lesions. Antenatal diagnosis and referral to a center with facilities for advanced neonatal cardiac care as well as for interventional neuroradiological therapy can go a long way in improving the prognosis in these children.