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Related Concept Videos

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula01:10

Bones of the Lower Limb: Tibia and Fibula

The tibia is the main weight-bearing bone of the lower leg. It is larger than the fibula with which it is paired. The tibia is also the second longest bone in the body and is located right below the skin. The proximal end of the tibia forms the medial and the lateral condyle, which articulates with the condyles of the femur to form the knee joint. Between the articulating surfaces is the irregular elevated area known as the intercondylar eminence that serves as the inferior attachment point for...
Ankle Joint01:10

Ankle Joint

The ankle is formed by the talocrural joint (crural = leg). It consists of the articulations between the talus bone of the foot and the distal ends of the tibia and fibula of the leg. The superior aspect of the talus bone is square-shaped and has three areas of articulation. The top of the talus articulates with the inferior tibia. This is the portion of the ankle joint that carries the body weight between the leg and foot. The sides of the talus are firmly held in position by the articulations...
Development of the Limb Synovial Joints01:07

Development of the Limb Synovial Joints

Joints form during embryonic development in conjunction with the formation and growth of the associated bones. The embryonic tissue that gives rise to all bones, cartilage, and connective tissues of the body is called mesenchyme.
The mesenchymal stem cells differentiate into chondrocytes that form the hyaline cartilage, and later the cartilaginous model of the bone. This model further transforms into a bone. This process is known as endochondral ossification.
During development, the limbs...
Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes01:28

Muscles of the Leg that Move the Foot and Toes

The human leg comprises an intricate system of muscles that facilitate the movement of feet and toes. Within this system, the muscles are categorized into the anterior, lateral, and posterior compartments, each with a unique set of muscles carrying out specific functions.
Anterior Compartment
The anterior compartment includes muscles that contribute to the dorsiflexion of the foot. This compartment houses the tibialis anterior, extensor hallucis longus, and extensor digitorum longus muscles.
Inborn Errors of Metabolism01:20

Inborn Errors of Metabolism

Phenylketonuria (PKU) is a protein metabolism disorder characterized by high blood levels of the amino acid phenylalanine. This results from a mutation in the gene responsible for phenylalanine hydroxylase, an enzyme that converts phenylalanine into tyrosine. When this enzyme is deficient, phenylalanine builds up in the blood, leading to symptoms such as vomiting, rashes, seizures, growth deficiency, and severe mental retardation. An early diagnosis and a diet restricting phenylalanine intake...
Diabetic Foot Ulcer01:31

Diabetic Foot Ulcer

Definition A diabetic foot ulcer (DFU) is a chronic, non-healing wound that develops in individuals with diabetes. It typically occurs on pressure-bearing areas such as the heel, metatarsal heads, or hallux, and carries a high risk of infection and amputation.Pathophysiology • The development of DFUs can be explained by four interconnected mechanisms: neuropathy, ischemia, infection, and impaired wound healing. • Neuropathy is the most common factor. Sensory neuropathy reduces pain perception,...

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
06:54

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder

Published on: March 4, 2018

[Congenital clubfoot].

R Burgkart1, R Lampe, L Gerdesmeyer

  • 1Klinik für Orthopädie und Sportorthopädie, Technische Universität München. r.burgkart@lrz.tum.de

MMW Fortschritte Der Medizin
|April 10, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Clubfoot, a common neonatal condition, requires early diagnosis and conservative treatment. Prompt intervention with physiotherapy and potential surgery ensures better functional outcomes for affected infants.

Area of Science:

  • Orthopedics
  • Pediatric Medicine
  • Developmental Biology

Background:

  • Clubfoot affects 2 in 1,000 neonates, posing a significant clinical challenge.
  • Inadequate treatment leads to poor functional outcomes.
  • Etiology remains partially understood, but advanced 3D analyses improve pathomorphology insights.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline a differentiated therapeutic strategy for clubfoot.
  • To emphasize the importance of early diagnosis and intervention.
  • To highlight the role of conservative and surgical management.

Main Methods:

  • Early postpartum initiation of conservative treatment with intensive redressment.
  • Surgical intervention between 4-6 months for residual deformities.

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Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations

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Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 13, 2026

Clinical-oriented Three-dimensional Gait Analysis Method for Evaluating Gait Disorder
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Published on: March 4, 2018

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Published on: October 28, 2022

Enhancing the Development and Growth of Infant Cerebral Palsy Rats Using Selective Spinal Manipulations
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  • Rigorous follow-up physiotherapy and close surveillance.
  • Main Results:

    • Early conservative measures are crucial for initial management.
    • Surgical correction is indicated for persistent deformities.
    • Long-term physiotherapy and monitoring are essential for sustained positive outcomes.

    Conclusions:

    • Early diagnosis and prompt conservative treatment are vital for managing clubfoot.
    • A tailored approach combining conservative, surgical, and physiotherapy interventions optimizes outcomes.
    • Continuous follow-up is critical for ensuring lasting functional recovery in treated neonates.