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Related Concept Videos

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists01:28

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Dopamine Receptor Antagonists

Prokinetic agents are specialized medications that stimulate gastrointestinal (GI) motility, promoting food movement through the GI tract. Dopamine, an inhibitory neurotransmitter, plays a significant role in this process, reducing GI motility and indirectly controlling the speed of digestion. Dopamine receptor antagonists, such as metoclopramide and domperidone, offer a unique advantage as prokinetic agents. By blocking the dopamine receptors, these drugs increase GI motility, improving food...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Bulk-Forming and Stimulant Laxatives01:22

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Bulk-Forming and Stimulant Laxatives

Laxatives enhance bowel movements and alleviate constipation. They augment the stool's bulk, stimulate intestinal muscle contractions, draw water into the intestines, or soften the stool. There are five key types of laxatives: bulk laxatives, stimulant laxatives, osmotic laxatives, stool softeners, and lubricant laxatives.
Bulk-forming laxatives, such as psyllium, methylcellulose, and polycarbophil, absorb water in the intestine, increasing stool bulk and promoting bowel movement. This makes...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Other Laxatives

Laxatives are primarily used to alleviate constipation, a common gastrointestinal disorder characterized by infrequent bowel movements and difficulty passing stools. They work by various mechanisms to increase the volume or frequency of bowel movements. The primary modes of action of laxatives include increasing stool bulk, softening the stool, stimulating intestinal motility, and osmotically drawing water into the intestines.
Osmotic or saline laxatives, like magnesium hydroxide or milk of...
Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents01:20

Drugs Affecting GI Tract Motility: Adsorbents as Antidiarrheal Agents

Diarrhea is characterized by the occurrence of frequent, watery bowel movements. Various factors can trigger diarrhea, including viral or bacterial infections, foodborne illnesses, side effects from certain medications, and underlying digestive disorders. If not adequately managed, diarrhea can lead to complications such as dehydration, electrolyte imbalances, and nutrient deficiencies. Severe diarrhea can lead to significant weight loss, malnutrition, and weakened immune function.
Adsorbents...
Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS01:21

Drugs for Treatment of Constipation-Predominant IBS

Pharmacological therapies for IBS-C are designed to alleviate abdominal discomfort and enhance bowel function. In patients with IBS-C, fiber supplements may help soften stools and decrease straining, but may also lead to increased gas production and bloating. Osmotic laxatives like milk of magnesia are frequently used to soften stools and increase stool frequency in IBS-C patients. In addition, two drugs approved for use in severe IBS-C adult cases are linaclotide (Linzess) and lubiprostone...
Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD01:29

Drugs for Treatment of Ulcerative Colitis in IBD

Ulcerative colitis is a chronic inflammatory condition primarily affecting the colon and rectum. The primary drugs used in the treatment of ulcerative colitis are aminosalicylates. They exhibit anti-inflammatory and immunosuppressive properties. They modulate inflammatory mediators and inhibit the activity of nuclear factor κB (NF-κB). Aminosalicylates also reduce inflammation by inhibiting prostaglandin and leukotriene production and decreasing neutrophil chemotaxis and superoxide generation. 

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Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jul 9, 2026

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)
12:37

Modeling Colitis-Associated Cancer with Azoxymethane (AOM) and Dextran Sulfate Sodium (DSS)

Published on: September 11, 2012

Drugs and colon cancer.

G D Friedman1, A O Coates, J D Potter

  • 1Division of Research, Kaiser Permanente Medical Care Program, Oakland, CA 94611, USA.

Pharmacoepidemiology and Drug Safety
|April 10, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) use was linked to a reduced risk of colon cancer. This association was consistent across various subgroups, with recent aspirin use showing the most significant risk reduction.

Area of Science:

  • Epidemiology
  • Gastroenterology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Colon cancer remains a significant public health concern.
  • Previous research suggests potential links between certain medications and cancer risk.
  • Understanding drug-cancer associations can inform prevention strategies.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the association between the use of eight drug groups and colon cancer risk.
  • To examine specific drugs like aspirin and nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) due to prior evidence.
  • To identify potential protective or risk-increasing pharmaceutical agents for colon cancer.

Main Methods:

  • A case-control study involving 1993 colon cancer cases and 2410 controls across three US regions.
  • Subjects were interviewed about their use of eight specific drugs or drug groups.

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Establishment of Coloproctitis Cancer Model in Mice and Evaluation of Therapeutic Effect of Chinese Medicine
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Non-invasive Assessment of the Efficacy of New Therapeutics for Intestinal Pathologies Using Serial Endoscopic Imaging of Live Mice
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  • Statistical analyses, including univariate and multivariate models, were employed to assess associations, controlling for confounding factors.

    • Main Results:

    • Both aspirin and NSAID use were inversely associated with colon cancer risk (Odds Ratio: 0.7, 95% CI: 0.6-0.8).
    • This inverse relationship held true in multivariate analyses, adjusting for other risk factors and drug usage.
    • Recent aspirin use showed a notable reduction in colon cancer risk, while other drugs showed minimal or no significant association, with potential data inaccuracies for phenformin.

    Conclusions:

    • Regular use of aspirin and NSAIDs may be associated with a decreased risk of developing colon cancer.
    • The findings support a potential protective role for these medications, particularly aspirin, in colon cancer prevention.
    • Further research is warranted to confirm these associations and elucidate underlying mechanisms.