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Patterns of methylation profiles as diagnostic markers for multiple hepatocellular carcinomas
M Anzola1, N Cuevas, M López-Martínez
1Dept. de Z. y Dinámica Celular, Facultad de Farmacia, Universidad del País Vasco, Vitoria, Spain.
Background:
Hepatocellular carcinoma often displays multiple tumor nodules, thus posing a problem for differential diagnosis between cancers of both multifocal and metastatic origin. Conventionally, pathological criteria have been used for this purpose, but these are largely subjective. In order to facilitate a more objective differential diagnosis of multiple HCCs, we used the patterns of methylation of p16INK4a, p14ARF, and GSTP1 genes as markers for each tumor nodule.
Methods:
Sixty-seven nodules from 30 cases of multiple or recurrent HCCs were examined using methylation-specific PCR (MSP) analysis for the detection of methylation profiles.
Results:
Hypermethylation was detected in 56.7%, 43.3% and 17.9% of the cases for p16INK4a, p14ARF, and GSTP1 genes, respectively. At the genetic level the inter-nodule methylation profiles were heterogeneous in 23 of the cases and homogeneous in another 7, enabling a multifocal origin to be diagnosed in the former and metastatic origin in the latter.
Conclusions:
Methylation profiling seems to be useful in differentiating the clonal origins of multiple cancers, as the information yielded by this method is essentially objective.