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A multibiomarker approach to environmental assessment.

Tamara S Galloway1, Rebecca J Brown, Mark A Browne

  • 1School of Biological Sciences (Plymouth Environmental Research Centre), University of Plymouth, Drake Circus, Plymouth, Devon, PL4 8AA, United Kingdom. tgalloway@plymouth.ac.uk

Environmental Science & Technology
|April 13, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Ecological biomarkers effectively link pollution to environmental damage. Southampton Water studies show specific biomarkers correlate with contaminants like tributyltin (TBT) and polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs), revealing pollution impacts on marine life.

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Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecotoxicology
  • Marine Biology

Background:

  • Ecologically relevant biomarkers are crucial for environmental management, linking degradation to causes.
  • Assessing pollution effects requires integrated chemical and biological analysis.
  • Southampton Water (UK) was selected as a study site with known pollution inputs.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To combine suites of biomarkers with chemical analysis to assess pollution exposure and effects.
  • To evaluate the sensitivity of organisms across different trophic levels.
  • To identify the most effective biomarkers for environmental monitoring.

Main Methods:

  • Utilized biomarkers measuring molecular damage, developmental abnormality, and physiological impairment.

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  • Performed chemical analysis of pollutants in water and sediment.
  • Employed statistical methods including linear regression, principal component analysis, and multidimensional scaling.
  • Tested species representing filter feeder, grazer, and omnivore trophic levels.

    • Main Results:

    • Significant association found between intersex in *Littorina littorea* and tributyltin (TBT) concentrations (R2 = 0.954).
    • Significant association found between PAH metabolites in *Carcinus maenas* urine and sediment PAHs (R2 = 0.754).
    • A pollution impact gradient was observed from the estuary head to mouth, correlating with heavy metals, PAHs, and biocides.
    • *Carcinus maenas* identified as the most sensitive species.
    • Carboxylesterase activity, metallothionein, and total haemolymph protein were key discriminating biomarkers.

    Conclusions:

    • A holistic approach integrating biomarkers and chemical analysis provides a realistic measure of environmental quality.
    • Biomarkers are effective tools for identifying the integrated impact of chemical contamination on organisms.
    • This methodology aids in linking specific pollutants to observed biological effects in marine ecosystems.