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Prostaglandins and brain-gut axis.

E Z Dajani1, T G Shahwan, N E Dajani

  • 1International Drug Development Consultants (IDDC) Corporation, Long Grove, IL 60047-9532, USA. EsamD@aol.com

Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology : an Official Journal of the Polish Physiological Society
|April 13, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Prostaglandins (PGs) primarily impact the gastrointestinal tract through peripheral mechanisms. While PGs are present in the brain, their direct central role in gut function is not well-supported by current evidence.

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Area of Science:

  • Neurogastroenterology
  • Physiology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Prostaglandins (PGs) exhibit significant physiological and pharmacological effects on the gastrointestinal (GI) tract.
  • PGs are ubiquitously distributed in both peripheral tissues and the central nervous system (CNS).

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review evidence on peripheral and central PGs' actions to determine their role in the brain-gut axis.
  • To clarify whether PGs influence GI function via central or peripheral pathways.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing laboratory and clinical evidence on prostaglandin biosynthesis and function.
  • Examination of studies investigating prostaglandin administration and cyclooxygenase enzyme localization.

Main Results:

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  • A direct relationship exists between altered GI functions and peripheral PGs biosynthesis.
  • E-series PGs administration affects GI functions, especially mucosal defense.
  • Cyclooxygenase (COX) enzymes, crucial for PGs synthesis, are found in both the brain and periphery.
  • While brain PGs are linked to pathological processes, their direct central effect on GI function remains unclear.

Conclusions:

  • Current evidence suggests prostaglandins primarily exert their effects on the GI tract through peripheral mechanisms.
  • The physiological role of central prostaglandins in modulating GI function is not convincingly established.