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Fetal heart rate reactivity differs by women's psychiatric status: an early marker for developmental risk?
Catherine Monk1, Richard P Sloan, Michael M Myers
1Department of Psychiatry, Columbia University, New York, NY 10032, USA. cem31@columbia.edu
Objective:
To determine whether there are differences in fetal heart rate (FHR) reactivity associated with women's psychiatric status.
Method:
In 57 women in their 36th to 38th week of pregnancy (mean age 27 +/- 6 years), electrocardiogram, blood pressure (BP), respiration (RSP), and FHR were measured during baseline and a psychological challenge (a Stroop color-word matching task). Subjects underwent the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV (SCID) and completed the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory prior to testing.
Results:
There was a significant main effect of maternal diagnostic group on FHR reactivity during the Stroop task even after controlling for birth weight and women's BP reactivity (F4,44 = 2.68, p =.04). Fetuses of depressed women had greater heart rate increases compared to fetuses of women with anxiety disorders and those of healthy, low-anxiety women (post hoc comparisons using the Fisher protected least significant difference test; t = 4.12, p <.05; t = 4.72, p <.01, respectively). There was a similar pattern comparing fetuses of healthy, high-anxiety women to the same two groups (t = 3.29, p <.05; t = 3.99, p <.05, respectively). There were no group differences in FHR during a resting baseline period (F4,52 = 1.2, p =.35).
Conclusions:
Maternal mood disturbance is associated with alterations in children's physiological reactivity prior to birth.
