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The Child Report Form of the CHIP-Child Edition: reliability and validity
Anne W Riley1, Christopher B Forrest, George W Rebok
1Department of Health Policy and Management, Bloomberg School of Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD 21205, USA. ariley@jhsph.edu
Insights
This study validated the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE/CRF) for assessing children's health status. The instrument reliably measures health perceptions in children aged 6 to 11 years.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Health Assessment
- Child Psychology
- Health Outcomes Research
Background:
- Growing recognition of the need for children's self-reported health data.
- Challenges in systematically collecting population-based child health information.
Purpose of the Study:
- To introduce and evaluate the Child Report Form of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE/CRF).
- To assess the reliability and validity of a self-report health status instrument for children aged 6 to 11 years.
Main Methods:
- Iterative evaluation of the CHIP-CE/CRF across three studies in four U.S. locations.
- Inclusion of 1708 children from diverse racial/ethnic backgrounds and low-to-middle socioeconomic strata.
Main Results:
- The final CHIP-CE/CRF comprises five domains: Satisfaction, Comfort, Resilience, Risk Avoidance, and Achievement.
- Good to excellent internal consistency and test-retest reliability were observed, with acceptable reliability for younger children.
- Validity was confirmed through criterion, construct, and structural analyses, with established standard scores.
Conclusions:
- The CHIP-CE/CRF reliably and validly assesses health status directly from children aged 6 to 11.
- Combined with the CHIP-AE, self-reported health status can be gathered for youth aged 6 to 18.
- This enhances precision, comparability, and validity in youth health outcome and longitudinal research.
Background:
There is increasing recognition of the importance of obtaining children's reports of their health, but significant challenges must be overcome to do so in a systematic, population-based manner.
Objective:
The objective of this study was to present the initial tests of the Child Report Form of the Child Health and Illness Profile-Child Edition (CHIP-CE/CRF), a self-report health status instrument for children 6 to 11 years old.
Methods:
Three studies iteratively evaluated revisions of the CHIP-CE/CRF in 4 geographic locations in the United States. Children (N=1708) whose families represent the low to middle socioeconomic strata and predominant U.S. racial/ethnic groups were involved.
Results:
The final CHIP-CE/CRF includes 5 domains: Satisfaction (with self and health), Comfort (emotional and physical symptoms and limitations), Resilience (positive activities that promote health), Risk Avoidance (risky behaviors that influence future health), and Achievement (of social expectations in school and with peers). The internal consistency and test-retest reliability of the domains are good to excellent, with a definite age gradient such that younger children's responses are less reliable although still acceptable. Validity is supported through criterion and construct validity tests and structural analyses. Standard scores (mean, 50; standard deviation, 10) were established.
Conclusions:
Health status can be reliably and validly assessed directly from children 6 to 11 years old on the CHIP-CE/CRF. In combination with the CHIP-AE, self-reported health status can now be obtained from youth 6 to 18 years old using a consistent conceptual framework. This can greatly improve the precision and comparability of health assessments of youth, enhancing the validity of outcome research and longitudinal studies across childhood and adolescence.
