Related Experiment Videos

Cutaneous manifestations of hydroxyurea therapy in childhood: case report and review

M Issaivanan1, P Shrikande Mitu, Chakrabarti Manisha

  • 1Department of Hematology, All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, India.

Pediatric Dermatology
|April 14, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Hydroxyurea, used for myeloproliferative disorders, can cause skin and nail hyperpigmentation in children. This case highlights mucocutaneous side effects, emphasizing careful monitoring during pediatric treatment.

Area of Science:

  • Pediatric Hematology
  • Dermatology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Hydroxyurea is a standard treatment for myeloproliferative disorders and certain benign hematologic conditions in children, such as sickle cell disease.
  • Long-term use of hydroxyurea is known to cause various mucocutaneous adverse effects, including skin hyperpigmentation, hair loss, and nail changes.
  • The pediatric application of hydroxyurea is expanding to a wider range of conditions.

Observation:

  • A 10-year-old boy with chronic myelogenous leukemia developed skin and nail hyperpigmentation three months after initiating hydroxyurea therapy.
  • The patient presented with melanonychia affecting all 20 nails and involvement of skin, nails, and oral mucosa.
  • This presentation was unique due to the widespread mucocutaneous involvement at the time of initial observation.

Findings:

  • The case demonstrates a significant association between hydroxyurea treatment and extensive mucocutaneous hyperpigmentation in a pediatric patient.
  • Melanonychia and mucosal hyperpigmentation are notable adverse effects that can occur with hydroxyurea use.
  • The findings underscore the importance of recognizing these cutaneous manifestations in children undergoing hydroxyurea therapy.

Implications:

  • Increased pediatric use of hydroxyurea necessitates greater awareness of its potential dermatologic side effects.
  • Early identification and management of hydroxyurea-induced mucocutaneous effects are crucial for patient well-being.
  • This case emphasizes the need for comprehensive monitoring of skin, nail, and mucosal changes in children receiving hydroxyurea.

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions01:01

Hypersensitivity Reactions: Cytolytic Reactions

Type II hypersensitivity involves IgG and IgM antibodies targeting cell surface antigens, leading to cell destruction. This can occur through complement activation, antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity (ADCC), or acting as opsonins for phagocytosis. When excessive, these reactions cause significant tissue damage.Drug-induced hemolytic anemia is a common example, where drugs like penicillin or cephalosporins bind to red blood cells, forming drug-protein complexes. These complexes...
Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management01:26

Nephrotic Syndrome II : Assessment and Medical Management

IntroductionNephrotic syndrome is a kidney disorder marked by excessive protein loss in the urine, leading to various systemic complications. This condition often results from damage to the glomeruli—the kidney's filtering units—causing proteinuria, low blood protein levels, and fluid retention. Understanding the assessment, diagnosis, and management of nephrotic syndrome is essential for effective treatment and prevention of further kidney damage.AssessmentPatient History: Document any history...
Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications01:24

Hemodialysis II: Procedure and Complications

DialyzersA hemodialysis (HD) dialyzer is a plastic cartridge containing thousands of parallel hollow fibers, which serve as semipermeable membranes. These fibers are typically made from cellulose-based or other synthetic materials. During HD, blood is pumped into the top of the cartridge and distributed among these fibers. Simultaneously, dialysis fluid, known as dialysate, is introduced into the bottom of the cartridge, bathing the outside of the fibers. Across the semipermeable membrane,...
Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations01:29

Acute Kidney Injury III: Clinical Manifestations

Acute Kidney Injury (AKI) progresses through distinct clinical phases: the oliguric, diuretic, and recovery phases, each marked by unique manifestations and challenges.Oliguric Phase:The oliguric phase is the initial stage of AKI, typically lasting 10 to 14 days. This phase is marked by a significant reduction in urine output, usually less than 400 mL per day, indicating decreased kidney function. Fluid retention is a prominent feature, leading to symptoms such as edema, hypertension, and...
Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction01:24

Nephrotic Syndrome I : Introduction

Nephrotic Syndrome is a chronic kidney disorder defined by clinical findings such as severe proteinuria, hypoalbuminemia, hyperlipidemia, and edema. These symptoms result from damage to the glomeruli, the kidney’s filtering units, increasing their permeability to proteins.Definition and Meaning:Proteinuria, defined as the loss of more than 3.5 grams of protein per day in adults, is a crucial feature of nephrotic syndrome. This condition is often accompanied by edema, the accumulation of fluid...