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Antibacterial resistance
Jocelyn Y Ang1, Elias Ezike, Basim I Asmar
1Division of Infectious Diseases, Children's Hospital of Michigan, Detroit Medical Center, Department of Pediatrics, School of Medicine, Wayne State University, Detroit, Michigan 48201, USA.
Indian Journal of Pediatrics
|April 15, 2004
Summary
Antimicrobial resistance is a growing threat, increasing illness, death, and healthcare costs. This review covers drug-resistant bacteria like MRSA and VRE in children, focusing on prevention and treatment strategies.
Area of Science:
- Pediatric Infectious Diseases
- Antimicrobial Resistance
- Public Health
Background:
- Antimicrobial resistance (AMR) poses a significant global health challenge, leading to increased morbidity, mortality, and healthcare expenditures.
- Key contributing factors to AMR include antibiotic overuse, inadequate infection control, prolonged hospitalization, intensive care unit admissions, and invasive procedures.
Purpose of the Study:
- To review the epidemiology, mechanisms of resistance, treatment, and prevention of infections caused by multidrug-resistant organisms in pediatric patients.
- To discuss antibacterial resistance in Gram-negative organisms, including extended-spectrum beta-lactamase (ESBL) producing bacteria, and their management.
Main Methods:
- Literature review focusing on pediatric infections caused by specific multidrug-resistant pathogens.
- Synthesis of information on epidemiology, resistance mechanisms, clinical manifestations, treatment options, and prevention strategies.
Main Results:
- Detailed review of common pediatric resistant pathogens: Streptococcus pneumoniae, Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA), Streptococcus pyogenes, and Enterococci (VRE).
- Discussion of resistance trends and challenges posed by Gram-negative bacteria, such as ESBL-producing Enterobacteriaceae.
Conclusions:
- Effective infection control measures and judicious antibiotic use are crucial for combating pediatric antimicrobial resistance.
- Comprehensive strategies encompassing surveillance, treatment, and prevention are essential to mitigate the impact of multidrug-resistant infections in children.