The current situation in human pancreatic islet transplantation: problems and prospects

In 2000, seven cases of pancreatic islet transplantation were documented by the researchers at the University of Alberta (Edmonton, Canada). The transplantation was performed using a protocol with a novel immunosuppressive regimen later named the Edmonton Protocol. The results showed that all seven patients became free of the need for insulin therapy. The success of the Edmonton Protocol has enhanced expectations for and interest in islet transplantation all over the world. Islet transplantation seems to be an almost ideal therapy for insulin-dependent patients. In our recent participation in transplant-related conferences in Europe or the USA, we have felt great enthusiasm for islet transplantation among clinicians, researchers, as well as medical staff. In Japan, the Organ Transplant Law that allows transplants from brain-dead patients was enacted in 1997. Since the passing of the law, people's interest in tissue and organ transplantation, particularly islet transplantation, has been growing. Here we present general information on islet transplantation and discuss its problems and prospects.