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Gamma rays from the Galactic bulge and large extra dimensions.

Michel Cassé¹, Jacques Paul, Gianfranco Bertone

¹DAPNIA/Service d'Astrophysique, CEA-Saclay, 91191 Gif-sur-Yvette, France.

Physical Review Letters

|April 20, 2004

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Extra dimensions may produce Kaluza-Klein gravitons during stellar core collapse. Analyzing neutron star gamma-ray emissions strengthens constraints on extra dimensions and quantum gravity scales.

Area of Science:

* Theoretical physics
* Astrophysics
* Cosmology

Background:

* The existence of extra spatial dimensions is a theoretical possibility in physics.
* Kaluza-Klein gravitons are hypothetical particles predicted to exist in theories with extra dimensions.
* Neutron stars are formed from the core collapse of massive stars and are potential sources of high-energy radiation.

Purpose of the Study:

* To investigate the potential production of Kaluza-Klein gravitons via nucleon-nucleon bremsstrahlung during massive star core collapse.
* To use the gamma-ray emission from neutron stars as a probe for extra dimensions.
* To strengthen constraints on the compactification radius of extra dimensions or the fundamental scale of quantum gravity.

Main Methods:

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* Modeling the production of Kaluza-Klein gravitons during the core collapse of massive stars.

* Analyzing the subsequent trapping and decay of these gravitons around newly formed neutron stars.

* Considering the cumulative gamma-ray emission from the entire population of neutron stars in the Galactic bulge.

Main Results:

* Neutron stars can act as gamma-ray sources due to the decay of trapped Kaluza-Klein gravitons.
* The study provides strengthened limits on the compactification radius (R) of extra dimensions for a small number (n) of them.
* For n=1, a constraint on the compactification radius is found to be R < 400 micrometers.

Conclusions:

* The gamma-ray emission from neutron stars offers a viable method to constrain theories with extra dimensions.
* The findings significantly improve existing limits on the fundamental scale of quantum gravity.
* This research highlights the astrophysical implications of extra-dimensional theories.