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Size- and temperature-dependent structural transitions in gold nanoparticles.

Kenji Koga1, Tamio Ikeshoji, Ko-ichi Sugawara

  • 1Nanotechnology Research Institute, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, 1-1-1 Higashi, Tsukuba, Ibaraki 305-8565, Japan. k.koga@aist.go.jp

Physical Review Letters
|April 20, 2004
PubMed
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Gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) transform from icosahedral to decahedral shapes near their melting points. This structural change, crucial for understanding nanoparticle behavior, requires a melt-freeze process to form bulk crystalline structures.

Area of Science:

  • Materials Science
  • Nanotechnology
  • Physical Chemistry

Background:

  • Understanding the structural behavior of gold nanoparticles (Au NPs) is critical for their application in various fields.
  • Nanoparticle morphology influences their physical and chemical properties, including melting point and catalytic activity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate size- and temperature-dependent structural transitions in gold nanoparticles.
  • To determine the specific morphologies Au NPs adopt as they approach their melting points.
  • To elucidate the mechanism by which Au NPs transition to bulk crystalline structures.

Main Methods:

  • High-resolution electron microscopy was used to observe thousands of gold nanoparticles.
  • Morphology statistics were collected for Au NPs annealed in a helium heat bath.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Analysis focused on particles in the size range of 3-14 nm.

    • Main Results:

    • Gold nanoparticles exhibit a structural transformation from icosahedral to decahedral morphology just below their melting points.
    • This transformation was observed across a wide range of nanoparticle sizes (3-14 nm).
    • Formation of bulk crystalline structures from the decahedral morphology is hindered by a high free-energy barrier, necessitating a melt-freeze process.

    Conclusions:

    • The study reveals a distinct icosahedral-to-decahedral structural transition in gold nanoparticles near their melting points.
    • A significant energy barrier prevents direct transformation to bulk crystalline structures, requiring a melt-freeze mechanism.
    • These findings provide fundamental insights into the phase behavior and structural evolution of nanomaterials.