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Etiology of dentin hypersensitivity.

M Brännström1

  • 1Department of Oral Pathology, Karolinska Institutet, Huddinge, Sweden.

Proceedings of the Finnish Dental Society. Suomen Hammaslaakariseuran Toimituksia
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary

Tooth hypersensitivity stems from activated dentinal nerve fibers. Stimuli causing fluid to exit dentinal tubules, like cold or bacterial presence, trigger pain. Sealing open tubules is key to managing sensitivity.

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Area of Science:

  • Dentistry
  • Oral Biology
  • Pain Research

Background:

  • Hypersensitive dentin involves activation of A-delta nerve fibers at the pulpal wall.
  • Stimuli causing outward fluid flow in dentinal tubules, such as cold or bacterial action, trigger pain.
  • Factors like exposed dentin, smear layer absence, pulpal inflammation, and oral environmental effects contribute to hypersensitivity.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To elucidate the mechanisms underlying dentinal hypersensitivity.
  • To identify key stimuli and contributing factors to tooth sensitivity.
  • To highlight the importance of sealing open dentinal tubules.

Main Methods:

  • Review of existing research on dentinal hypersensitivity mechanisms.
  • Analysis of stimuli that activate dentinal pain fibers.
  • Examination of factors influencing dentin surface sensitivity and pulpal inflammation.

Main Results:

  • Outward fluid flow in dentinal tubules, induced by stimuli like cold or bacterial activity, activates pain fibers.
  • Freshly exposed dentin with open tubules is more sensitive than dentin with a smear layer.
  • Oral environmental factors (abrasion, acid erosion, plaque) and restorative procedures can expose dentin and cause sensitivity.

Conclusions:

  • Dentinal hypersensitivity is primarily caused by the activation of A-delta fibers due to outward fluid movement in tubules.
  • Cold stimuli and bacterial presence in fluid-filled gaps exacerbate sensitivity.
  • Effective management requires sealing open dentinal tubules to prevent stimuli from reaching the nerves.

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