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Related Concept Videos

Voltage-gated Ion Channels01:26

Voltage-gated Ion Channels

11.0K
Voltage-gated ion channels are transmembrane proteins that open and close in response to changes in the membrane potential. They are present on the membranes of all electrically excitable cells such as neurons, heart, and muscle cells.
Generally, all voltage-gated ion channels have a 'voltage-sensing domain' that spans the lipid bilayer. The charged residues in the sensor move in response to the membrane potential changes that open the channel allowing ions movement. There are several types of...
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Ion Channels01:19

Ion Channels

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The movement of ions like sodium, potassium, and calcium into and out of the cell is essential to maintain the electrochemical gradient in living cells. The ion channels—a class of membrane transport proteins—help maintain this ionic gradient for the smooth functioning of physiological activities such as maintaining cell size and volume, conducting nerve impulses, and gas and nutrient exchange.
Ion channels are specialized integral membrane proteins on the plasma membrane that allow...
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Non-gated Ion Channels01:24

Non-gated Ion Channels

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Ion channels are specialized proteins on the plasma membrane that allow charged ions to pass down their electrochemical gradient. Their main function is to maintain the membrane potential which is critical for cell viability. These channels are either gated or non-gated and can transport more than a thousand ions within milliseconds for the cellular event to occur.
Compared to the gated ion channels, the non-gated channels, also known as leakage or passive channels, have no gating mechanism....
8.3K
Ions as Acids and Bases02:54

Ions as Acids and Bases

26.8K
Salts with Acidic Ions
Salts are ionic compounds composed of cations and anions, either of which may be capable of undergoing an acid or base ionization reaction with water. Aqueous salt solutions, therefore, may be acidic, basic, or neutral, depending on the relative acid-base strengths of the salt’s constituent ions. For example, dissolving the ammonium chloride in water results in its dissociation, as described by the equation:
26.8K
Mechanically-gated Ion Channels01:12

Mechanically-gated Ion Channels

7.8K
Mechanically-gated ion channels are proteins found in eukaryotic and prokaryotic cell membranes that open in response to mechanical stress. Tension, compression, swelling, and shear stress can alter the conformation of the protein, opening a transmembrane channel that allows the passage of ions for signal transmission. In eukaryotes, mechanically-gated channels are distributed in several regions like the neurons, lungs, skin, bladder, and heart, where they play critical roles in numerous...
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G-Protein Gated Ion Channels01:21

G-Protein Gated Ion Channels

5.8K
GPCRs are primarily responsible for our sense of smell, taste, and vision.  The binding of a sensory stimulus activates GPCR to stimulate effector proteins, many of which are ion channels in the sensory organs. GPCRs modulate the opening and closing of the target ion channels either directly by binding them, or by releasing second messengers that activate these channels. As ions move across the membrane, the membrane potential is altered, which induces an appropriate response.
Sensory...
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Reconstitution of a Transmembrane Protein, the Voltage-gated Ion Channel, KvAP, into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles for Microscopy and Patch Clamp Studies
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Reconstitution of a Transmembrane Protein, the Voltage-gated Ion Channel, KvAP, into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles for Microscopy and Patch Clamp Studies

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High throughput ion-channel pharmacology: planar-array-based voltage clamp.

Laszlo Kiss1, Paul B Bennett, Victor N Uebele

  • 1Department of Molecular Pharmacology, Merck Research Laboratories, West Point, PA 19486, USA. laszlo_kiss@merck.com

Assay and Drug Development Technologies
|April 20, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

A new high-throughput (HT) patch-clamp technology enables voltage-clamping thousands of cells daily, significantly increasing throughput for ion channel research and drug screening.

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Patch Clamp and Perfusion Techniques for Studying Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus oocytes
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Patch Clamp Recording of Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes
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Related Experiment Videos

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Reconstitution of a Transmembrane Protein, the Voltage-gated Ion Channel, KvAP, into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles for Microscopy and Patch Clamp Studies
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Reconstitution of a Transmembrane Protein, the Voltage-gated Ion Channel, KvAP, into Giant Unilamellar Vesicles for Microscopy and Patch Clamp Studies

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Patch Clamp and Perfusion Techniques for Studying Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus oocytes
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Patch Clamp Recording of Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes
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Patch Clamp Recording of Ion Channels Expressed in Xenopus Oocytes

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Area of Science:

  • Biotechnology
  • Molecular Biology
  • Pharmacology

Background:

  • Technological advancements are crucial for biological breakthroughs.
  • The traditional patch-clamp method, while informative, suffers from low throughput, limiting its use in drug screening.
  • Ion channels play critical roles in cellular functions and are targets for drug development.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To introduce a novel planar-array-based high-throughput (HT) patch-clamp technology.
  • To demonstrate the technology's capability for significantly increasing cell throughput compared to traditional methods.
  • To apply this new technology to study ion channel function and drug pharmacology.

Main Methods:

  • Development of a novel planar-array-based HT patch-clamp system.
  • Utilizing the HT patch-clamp system for voltage-clamping thousands of cells per day.
  • Application of the technology to investigate the hERG K(+) channel and QT prolonging drugs.

Main Results:

  • The developed HT patch-clamp technology achieves greater than two orders of magnitude increase in throughput.
  • The system successfully enables voltage-clamping of thousands of cells daily.
  • The pharmacological profile of QT prolonging drugs was determined using this novel method.

Conclusions:

  • The novel planar-array-based HT patch-clamp technology represents a significant breakthrough for ion channel research.
  • This technology overcomes the throughput limitations of traditional patch-clamp methods, making it suitable for drug screening.
  • The method is effective for studying specific ion channels like hERG K(+) and evaluating drug effects.