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Related Experiment Videos

T-cell dynamics during acute SIV infection.

Joseph J Mattapallil1, Norman L Letvin, Mario Roederer

  • 1Vaccine Research Center, NIAID, NIH, Bethesda, Maryland 20895, USA.

AIDS (London, England)
|April 20, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Acute SIV infection causes significant T-cell shifts, with CD4 T cells declining and CD8 T cells increasing. Understanding these dynamics requires evaluating multiple T-cell subsets beyond naive and memory types.

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Area of Science:

  • Immunology
  • Virology
  • Cellular Biology

Background:

  • T cells are crucial for adaptive immunity, with distinct naive and memory subsets.
  • Simian immunodeficiency virus (SIV) infection in macaques serves as a model for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) pathogenesis.
  • Understanding T-cell dynamics during acute viral infection is critical for developing effective treatments.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To delineate T-cell dynamics during acute SIV infection.
  • To characterize phenotypically defined memory T-cell subsets during SIV infection.
  • To evaluate the impact of SIV on functionally distinct T-cell types.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of peripheral blood from SIV-infected macaques using 12-color flow cytometry.
  • Simultaneous measurement of CD4, CD8, CD45RA/RO, CD11a, CD28, and CD27 to define T-cell subsets.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Evaluation of T-cell subset changes before and after SIV infection.

    • Main Results:

    • Acute SIV infection induced lymphopenia, primarily affecting B cells.
    • CD4 T-cell counts declined due to loss of both naive and memory subsets, including CCR5+ and CD103+ cells.
    • CD8 T-cell counts increased, initially with effector cells (CD27-CD28-) and later central memory-like cells (CD27+CD28-), coinciding with reduced viremia.

    Conclusions:

    • Accurate description of T-cell dynamics in acute SIV/HIV infection necessitates simultaneous evaluation of diverse T-cell subsets.
    • Changes in immune homeostasis and pathogenesis during acute infection cannot be solely explained by naive and memory T-cell counts.
    • A comprehensive understanding requires analyzing multiple T-cell phenotypes to capture complex cellular shifts.