Related Experiment Video

Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease
08:50

Assessment of Vascular Function in Patients With Chronic Kidney Disease

Published on: June 16, 2014

Evidence for increased cardiovascular disease risk in patients with chronic kidney disease

Josef Coresh1, Brad Astor, Mark J Sarnak

  • 1Welch Center for Prevention, Epidemiology and Clinical Research, Department of Epidemiology, Johns Hopkins Bloomberg School of Public Health, Baltimore, Maryland 21205, USA. coresh@jhu.edu

Current Opinion in Nephrology and Hypertension
|April 20, 2004
PubMed

Insights

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) significantly increases cardiovascular disease (CVD) risk. Despite this, preventive treatments are underutilized in CKD patients, highlighting a critical need for increased application and testing.

Area of Science:

  • Nephrology
  • Cardiology
  • Public Health

Background:

  • Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is increasingly recognized as a major risk factor for cardiovascular disease (CVD).
  • The American Heart Association designated CKD patients as a 'highest risk group' for CVD events in 2003.
  • Recent studies confirm an independent association between CKD markers and CVD risk across diverse populations.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To summarize recent publications on cardiovascular disease risk in chronic kidney disease.
  • To review cardiovascular disease risk factors, including traditional and non-traditional factors, in CKD patients.
  • To present an overview of ongoing clinical trials focused on cardiovascular disease risk reduction in CKD.

Main Methods:

  • Review of large prospective studies examining CKD markers (serum creatinine, eGFR, microalbuminuria) and CVD outcomes.
  • Analysis of data on the utilization of preventive cardiovascular disease treatments in CKD populations.
  • Summary of ongoing clinical trials investigating cardiovascular disease risk reduction strategies in CKD.

Main Results:

  • Strong independent association between low estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) and cardiovascular disease (CVD) and mortality.
  • Significant underutilization of established CVD preventive treatments among patients with chronic kidney disease.
  • Emerging evidence on non-traditional CVD risk factors in CKD, though their clinical utility requires further proof.

Conclusions:

  • Growing evidence underscores CKD's importance as a predictor of cardiovascular disease risk.
  • There is a critical gap in the application of CVD prevention therapies for CKD patients.
  • Increased implementation and rigorous testing of CVD prevention strategies in CKD populations are essential.
Abstract

More Related Videos

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy07:52

A Mouse 5/6th Nephrectomy Model That Induces Experimental Uremic Cardiomyopathy

Published on: November 7, 2017

Related Concept Videos

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations01:24

Chronic Kidney Disease II: Clinical Manifestations

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) progressively impairs multiple body systems due to the accumulation of uremic toxins, which disrupt cellular functions across various organs.Neurologic symptomsNeurologic symptoms often arise early in CKD, as uremic toxin buildup drives changes in cognitive and motor functions. Patients frequently experience fatigue, headache, confusion, difficulty concentrating, and, in severe cases, seizures. Peripheral neuropathy commonly manifests as burning sensations in the...
Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction01:25

Chronic Kidney Disease I: Introduction

Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) arises when the kidneys progressively lose their ability to function, ultimately leading to end-stage renal disease. At this advanced stage, the kidneys can no longer filter waste or maintain essential body functions, requiring renal replacement therapy (RRT) through dialysis or a kidney transplant for survival.Early-stage chronic kidney disease and detection challengesIn CKD's early stages, symptoms often remain absent because healthy nephrons compensate for...
Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management01:18

Chronic Kidney Disease IV: Nursing Management

Nursing management is essential for preventing complications, maintaining stability, and improving patients' quality of life in chronic kidney disease (CKD). By using a structured approach, nurses help slow CKD progression and support effective patient care​.1. Comprehensive patient assessmentEffective management begins with nurses reviewing the patient’s medical history, and identifying key risk factors like diabetes, hypertension, and nephrotoxic drug use. Nurses assess signs of fluid...
Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care01:28

Chronic Kidney Disease III: Interprofessional Care

Chronic kidney disease (CKD) requires collaborative and comprehensive management. CKD progresses through stages and can lead to end-stage kidney disease (ESKD) if untreated. Interprofessional collaboration and patient education are crucial, enabling patients to manage their health and improve their quality of life.Diagnostic approach for chronic kidney diseaseThe diagnosis of CKD primarily focuses on the glomerular filtration rate (GFR), which assesses kidney function by measuring how well...
Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention01:30

Acute Kidney Injury IV: Diagnostic Studies and Prevention

Accurate diagnosis and effective prevention are critical in managing Acute Kidney Injury (AKI), which is linked to high mortality rates ranging from 10% to 80%. Timely recognition of at-risk patients and careful monitoring can significantly reduce the likelihood of kidney damage.Diagnostic Assessments:The diagnostic process starts with a comprehensive medical history to identify prerenal, intrarenal, and postrenal causes.Prerenal causes, such as dehydration, hypotension, or blood loss, should...
Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration01:28

Drug Dosing in Renal Diseases: Estimation of Glomerular Filtration Rate Based on Serum Creatinine Concentration

Glomerular filtration rate (GFR) can be estimated from serum creatinine using the modification of diet in renal disease (MDRD) formula or the chronic kidney disease–epidemiology collaboration (CKD–EPI) equation. Both methods are widely used in clinical practice to assess kidney function and guide treatment decisions.The MDRD equation does not require weight or height measurements and is normalized to the body surface area of 1.73 m², considered the average adult surface area. This equation is...