[Native and alien. On ethnic identity]

Freud's theory of the antagonism between family and culture provides the point of departure for this study, which sets out to rehabilitate the concepts "ethnic" and "ethnic identity". The family represents the locus of established tradition and familiar ritual and seeks to make each new generation identify with "us and ours". Culture, by contrast, is dependent on contact and confrontation with things alien and foreign. Between these extremes and the potential dangers specific to each of them, ethnicity--which is neither biological nor cultural--represents a mediating factor. In adolescence, a phase of dis- and re-orientation, the individual needs to draw upon his ethnic identity to reconcile the disturbing contradiction between familial and cultural claims, between the native and the alien.