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An introduction to critical loads.

K R Bull1

  • 1NERC Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Monks Wood Experimental Station, Abbots Ripton, Huntingdon, UK.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
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The critical loads approach helps control air pollution by identifying pollutant thresholds for sensitive ecosystems. This method informs emission reduction strategies for sulfur and nitrogen under international agreements.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Ecology
  • Atmospheric Chemistry

Background:

  • The critical loads approach is a key concept in managing gaseous pollutant emissions, despite challenges in definitions and values.
  • Its adoption by the UN-ECE Convention on Long Range Transboundary Air Pollution has driven practical applications in emission protocol revisions.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To outline the methodologies for calculating critical loads and critical levels for pollutants.
  • To demonstrate the use of critical loads in mapping exceedances and identifying emission sources.
  • To explore how optimization procedures can derive cost-effective abatement strategies.

Main Methods:

  • Quantifying pollutant thresholds (critical loads/levels) for sensitive receptors, often by translating biological effects to critical chemical values.

Related Experiment Videos

  • Utilizing steady-state and dynamic models for critical load calculations and trend analysis.
  • Employing spatial emission-deposition models and optimization procedures for source identification and abatement strategy development.

    • Main Results:

    • Critical load maps can be generated by comparing calculated values with pollutant deposition data, highlighting areas of exceedance.
    • Spatial models can pinpoint contributing emission sources and quantify necessary reductions.
    • Optimization models can inform abatement strategies considering economic costs and ecological impacts.

    Conclusions:

    • The critical loads approach provides a scientifically robust framework for transboundary air pollution management.
    • It facilitates the revision of emission protocols and supports the setting of politically agreed target loads.
    • This approach integrates ecological sensitivity, chemical thresholds, and economic considerations for effective pollution control.