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Pollution in the upland environment.

A Crossley1, D B Wilson, R Milne

  • 1Institute of Terrestrial Ecology, Bush Estate, Penicuik, Midlothian EH26 0QB, UK.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|January 1, 1992
PubMed
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Cloudwater deposition is a significant pathway for transferring pollutants to forests and upland environments. This study monitored pollutant levels in cloud and rainwater, finding higher concentrations in cloudwater.

Area of Science:

  • Environmental Science
  • Atmospheric Chemistry
  • Forest Ecology

Background:

  • Long-term monitoring of forest air quality is crucial for understanding environmental impacts.
  • Pollution effects on forests are a growing concern in upland ecosystems.
  • Previous studies have highlighted the importance of atmospheric deposition, but cloudwater's role requires further investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To quantify cloudwater and rainwater deposition in a Scottish forest.
  • To analyze the chemical composition of cloudwater and rainwater.
  • To assess the significance of cloudwater as a pollutant transfer pathway to forests.

Main Methods:

  • Established long-term monitoring at two forest sites (602 and 275 m a.s.l.) since 1987.
  • Recorded weather parameters, cloud/rain event data, and collected bulk cloud/rainwater samples.

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  • Utilized passive 'Harp wire' gauges for cloudwater collection and chemical analysis.

    • Main Results:

    • Estimated annual cloudwater deposition (375 mm) exceeded rainfall (1213 mm) in 1988 at the upper site.
    • Cloud events deposited water at 0.2 mm/h, with higher suspended particulate and ion concentrations (e.g., H+) than rainwater.
    • Cloudwater contained significantly higher pollutant loadings (suspended particulates, H+ ions) compared to rainwater.

    Conclusions:

    • Cloudwater deposition is a major pathway for pollutant transfer to upland forest environments.
    • Forests efficiently capture cloudwater, increasing pollutant loading.
    • The ecological consequences of this pollutant transfer to forests and water catchments require further assessment.