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Related Experiment Videos

Performance of some growth variables.

N Billen1, H Schätzle, G Seufert

  • 1Institut für Landeskultur und Pflanzenökologie Fachgebiet Pflanzenökologie, Universität Hohenheim, 7000 Stuttgart 70, PB 700562, Germany.

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|January 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Acid rain and air pollutants like ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) negatively impacted European beech growth. Silver fir showed varied responses, while Norway spruce growth was less affected by these pollutants.

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Area of Science:

  • Forestry
  • Environmental Science
  • Plant Physiology

Background:

  • Forest decline in Central Europe is a significant environmental concern.
  • Ozone (O3) and sulfur dioxide (SO2) are key atmospheric pollutants affecting forest health.
  • Acidic precipitation can alter soil chemistry and directly damage plant tissues.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the effects of ozone (O3), sulfur dioxide (SO2), and simulated acid rain on European beech, Norway spruce, and Silver fir.
  • To determine the sensitivity of these tree species to individual and combined pollutant exposures.
  • To establish a sensitivity classification for the studied tree species based on growth responses.

Main Methods:

  • Trees were exposed to controlled levels of O3, SO2, and acid rain (pH 4.0) in open-top chambers over five years.

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  • Pollutant concentrations mimicked ambient levels found in Southern West Germany.
  • Growth analysis focused on shoot growth and leaf/needle surface area in the upper canopy.

    • Main Results:

    • Acidic precipitation reduced shoot growth and leaf area in European beech.
    • Ozone and sulfur dioxide exposures further diminished shoot length and leaf area in beech.
    • Norway spruce showed less significant growth reductions, except for lateral shoot growth under O3 in the final year.
    • Silver fir exhibited varied responses, with O3 increasing dry matter but controlled conditions yielding best lateral growth and metabolic efficiency.

    Conclusions:

    • European beech is highly sensitive to both acidic precipitation and air pollutants (O3, SO2).
    • Silver fir demonstrates a complex response, with potential for high dry matter production but sensitivity in growth regulation.
    • Norway spruce appears relatively tolerant to the tested pollutant levels compared to beech and fir.
    • A clear sensitivity ranking of tree species to these pollutants was established.