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Stomata and plant water relations: does air pollution create problems?

T A Mansfield1

  • 1Department of Biological Sciences, Institute of Environmental and Natural Sciences, Lancaster University, Lancaster LA1 4YQ, UK. t.mansfield@lancaster.ac.uk

Environmental Pollution (Barking, Essex : 1987)
|April 20, 2004
PubMed
Summary

Atmospheric changes impact plant stomatal control, affecting water use. Surprisingly, elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) may disrupt this regulation in some plants, challenging assumptions of water conservation.

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Area of Science:

  • Plant physiology and environmental science
  • Atmospheric chemistry and its effects on ecosystems

Background:

  • Stomatal conductance is crucial for balancing photosynthesis and water conservation in plants.
  • Plant stomata have complex regulatory mechanisms responding to environmental factors and internal signals.
  • Air pollutants like sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) are known to impair plant water use regulation.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of atmospheric gaseous composition changes on plant stomatal control.
  • To understand how air pollutants disturb the delicate balance of plant water relations.
  • To examine the potential disruption of water use efficiency by elevated atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO2) in certain plant species.

Main Methods:

  • Analysis of stomatal responses to varying atmospheric conditions.

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  • Investigation of hormonal signaling pathways involved in stomatal regulation.
  • Comparative studies across different plant species and genotypes to assess response variations.

    • Main Results:

    • Plant stomatal control mechanisms are sensitive to atmospheric gaseous composition.
    • Sulfur dioxide (SO2) and ozone (O3) have been shown to impair the regulation of plant water use.
    • Recent studies suggest elevated carbon dioxide (CO2) may cause stomatal insensitivity, leading to insufficient closure and potentially disrupting water relations in some species.

    Conclusions:

    • The regulation of plant water use is complex and vulnerable to atmospheric changes.
    • Existing assumptions about water use economies due to elevated CO2 are being questioned.
    • Further research is needed to understand species-specific responses to air pollutants and elevated CO2 levels.