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Convergent evolution within the genus Solanum: the specialised anther cone develops through alternative pathways
Beverley J Glover1, Sue Bunnewell, Cathie Martin
1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK. bjg26@cam.ac.uk
Gene
|April 20, 2004
Summary
Buzz-pollination in Solanum species relies on robust anther cones. These cones develop through distinct routes, with one involving trichomes and another using secretions, highlighting convergent evolution.
Area of Science:
- Botany
- Evolutionary Biology
- Plant Morphology
Background:
- Many angiosperms utilize buzz-pollination, where bees vibrate anthers to release pollen.
- The genus Solanum exhibits diverse anther cone structures, a key trait for species identification.
- Robust anther cones are found in a specific Solanum clade, suggesting a monophyletic origin.
Purpose of the Study:
- To investigate the developmental mechanisms underlying robust anther cone formation in Solanum species.
- To determine if the robust anther cone structure is homologous across different species within the clade.
- To explore the role of trichomes and extracellular secretions in anther cone development.
Main Methods:
- Comparative morphological analysis of anther cones in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Solanum dulcamara (woody nightshade).
- Microscopic examination of anther structures, including trichomes and extracellular secretions.
- Gene expression studies involving the MIXTA gene in Solanum dulcamara.
Main Results:
- Solanum lycopersicum anther cones are secured by interlocking trichomes.
- Solanum dulcamara anther cones are formed by appressed anther surfaces and secretions.
- Ectopic trichome formation in S. dulcamara disrupts cone integrity, indicating distinct developmental pathways.
Conclusions:
- The robust anther cone in Solanum is not homologous but has evolved convergently through different developmental routes.
- Trichome-based and secretion-based mechanisms represent mutually exclusive pathways for robust anther cone formation.
- Convergent evolution in closely related species can be misidentified as homology, potentially underestimating its prevalence.
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