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Non-radioactive in situ Hybridization Protocol Applicable for Norway Spruce and a Range of Plant Species
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Published on: April 17, 2009

Convergent evolution within the genus Solanum: the specialised anther cone develops through alternative pathways.

Beverley J Glover1, Sue Bunnewell, Cathie Martin

  • 1Department of Plant Sciences, University of Cambridge, Downing Street, Cambridge, CB2 3EA, UK. bjg26@cam.ac.uk

Gene
|April 20, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Buzz-pollination in Solanum species relies on robust anther cones. These cones develop through distinct routes, with one involving trichomes and another using secretions, highlighting convergent evolution.

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Area of Science:

  • Botany
  • Evolutionary Biology
  • Plant Morphology

Background:

  • Many angiosperms utilize buzz-pollination, where bees vibrate anthers to release pollen.
  • The genus Solanum exhibits diverse anther cone structures, a key trait for species identification.
  • Robust anther cones are found in a specific Solanum clade, suggesting a monophyletic origin.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the developmental mechanisms underlying robust anther cone formation in Solanum species.
  • To determine if the robust anther cone structure is homologous across different species within the clade.
  • To explore the role of trichomes and extracellular secretions in anther cone development.

Main Methods:

  • Comparative morphological analysis of anther cones in Solanum lycopersicum (tomato) and Solanum dulcamara (woody nightshade).
  • Microscopic examination of anther structures, including trichomes and extracellular secretions.
  • Gene expression studies involving the MIXTA gene in Solanum dulcamara.

Main Results:

  • Solanum lycopersicum anther cones are secured by interlocking trichomes.
  • Solanum dulcamara anther cones are formed by appressed anther surfaces and secretions.
  • Ectopic trichome formation in S. dulcamara disrupts cone integrity, indicating distinct developmental pathways.

Conclusions:

  • The robust anther cone in Solanum is not homologous but has evolved convergently through different developmental routes.
  • Trichome-based and secretion-based mechanisms represent mutually exclusive pathways for robust anther cone formation.
  • Convergent evolution in closely related species can be misidentified as homology, potentially underestimating its prevalence.