Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Concept Videos

Formation of Complex Ions03:45

Formation of Complex Ions

A type of Lewis acid-base chemistry involves the formation of a complex ion (or a coordination complex) comprising a central atom, typically a transition metal cation, surrounded by ions or molecules called ligands. These ligands can be neutral molecules like H2O or NH3, or ions such as CN− or OH−. Often, the ligands act as Lewis bases, donating a pair of electrons to the central atom. These types of Lewis acid-base reactions are examples of a broad subdiscipline called coordination...
Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature02:54

Coordination Compounds and Nomenclature

In most main group element compounds, the valence electrons of the isolated atoms combine to form chemical bonds that satisfy the octet rule. For instance, the four valence electrons of carbon overlap with electrons from four hydrogen atoms to form CH4. The one valence electron leaves sodium and adds to the seven valence electrons of chlorine to form the ionic formula unit NaCl (Figure 1a). Transition metals do not normally bond in this fashion. They primarily form coordinate covalent bonds, a...
Metal-Ligand Bonds02:51

Metal-Ligand Bonds

The hemoglobin in the blood, the chlorophyll in green plants, vitamin B-12, and the catalyst used in the manufacture of polyethylene all contain coordination compounds. Ions of the metals, especially the transition metals, are likely to form complexes.
In these complexes, transition metals form coordinate covalent bonds, a kind of Lewis acid-base interaction in which both of the electrons in the bond are contributed by a donor (Lewis base) to an electron acceptor (Lewis acid). The Lewis acid in...
Structural Isomerism02:34

Structural Isomerism

Isomerism in Complexes
Isomers are different chemical species that have the same chemical formula. Structural isomerism of coordination compounds can be divided into two subcategories, the linkage isomers and coordination-sphere isomers.
Linkage isomers occur when the coordination compound contains a ligand that can bind to the transition metal center through two different atoms. For example, the CN− ligand can bind through the carbon atom or through the nitrogen atom. Similarly, SCN− can be...
Amino acids03:42

Amino acids

Amino acids are the monomers that comprise proteins. Each amino acid has the same fundamental structure, which consists of a central carbon atom, or the alpha (α) carbon, bonded to an amino group (NH2), a carboxyl group (COOH), and to a hydrogen atom. Every amino acid also has another atom or group of atoms bonded to the central atom known as the R group. There are 20 common amino acids present in proteins, each with a different R group. Variation in the amino acid sequence is responsible for...
Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria01:07

Ladder Diagrams: Complexation Equilibria

Ladder diagrams are useful for evaluating equilibria involving metal-ligand complexes. The vertical scale of the ladder diagram represents the concentration of unreacted or free ligand, pL. The horizontal lines on the scale depict the log of stepwise formation constants for metal-ligand complexes and indicate the dominant species in all the regions.
The formation constant, K1, for the formation of Cd(NH3)2+ complex from cadmium and ammonia is 3.55 × 102. Log K1 (i.e. pNH3) is 2.55, and...

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

PPTMP: An Asymmetric Tetradentate Ligand for Trivalent Lanthanide/Actinide Separation in Nuclear Waste Management.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Contrasting single-molecule magnet behaviour in dysprosium and terbium bis(stannolediide) complexes.

Nature chemistry·2026
Same author

Toward Understanding Prolate 4f Monomers: Numerical Predictions and Experimental Validation of Electronic Properties and Slow Relaxation in a Muffin-Shaped Er<sup>III</sup> Complex.

Inorganic chemistry·2026
Same author

Distinct Ligand- and Metal-Centered Phosphorescence in a Terbium Carbazolyl Complex.

Chemistry (Weinheim an der Bergstrasse, Germany)·2025
Same author

Ultrabroadband 1D and 2D NMR Spectroscopy.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025
Same author

Pure Molecular Inorganic Rings: Mixed Group 14/15 Metallacycles.

Angewandte Chemie (International ed. in English)·2025

Related Experiment Video

Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
06:47

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique

Published on: September 20, 2011

Nitrophenolate as a building block for lanthanide chains, layers, and clusters.

Markus R Bürgstein1, Michael T Gamer, Peter W Roesky

  • 1Forschungszentrum Karlsruhe GmbH, Institut für Technische Chemie, Chemisch-Physikalische Verfahren (ITC-CPV), Postfach 3640, 76021 Karlsruhe, Germany.

Journal of the American Chemical Society
|April 22, 2004
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

This study synthesized novel lanthanide complexes, including infinite chains, tetradecanuclear clusters, and infinite layers, by reacting potassium o-nitrophenolate with lanthanide trichlorides. Structural diversity depended on lanthanide size and reaction conditions, revealing unique packing and channel formations.

More Related Videos

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size
13:46

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size

Published on: October 17, 2016

Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer
10:34

Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer

Published on: April 23, 2017

Related Experiment Videos

Last Updated: Jun 25, 2026

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique
06:47

Formulation of Diblock Polymeric Nanoparticles through Nanoprecipitation Technique

Published on: September 20, 2011

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size
13:46

A Facile and Eco-friendly Route to Fabricate Poly(Lactic Acid) Scaffolds with Graded Pore Size

Published on: October 17, 2016

Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer
10:34

Ligand Nano-cluster Arrays in a Supported Lipid Bilayer

Published on: April 23, 2017

Area of Science:

  • Coordination Chemistry
  • Inorganic Chemistry
  • Materials Science

Background:

  • Lanthanide complexes exhibit diverse structures and properties.
  • Potassium o-nitrophenolate is a versatile ligand for metal coordination.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To synthesize and characterize novel lanthanide complexes using potassium o-nitrophenolate.
  • To investigate the influence of lanthanide ionic radius and reaction conditions on the resulting structures.
  • To explore the structural diversity, including infinite chains, clusters, and layers.

Main Methods:

  • Reaction of potassium o-nitrophenolate with various lanthanide trichlorides.
  • Crystallization under controlled atmosphere (exclusion of air or in air).
  • Single-crystal X-ray diffraction for structural determination.

Main Results:

  • Infinite chains of [(THF)4[K(o-O2N-C6H4-O)4Ln]4]n were formed with smaller lanthanides (Y, Er, Lu) under anaerobic conditions.
  • Tetradecanuclear clusters H18[Ln14(micro-eta2-o-O2N-C6H4-O)8(eta2-o-O2N-C6H4-O)16(micro4-O)2(micro3-O)16] were obtained under aerobic conditions.
  • Infinite layers, [[K2(o-O2N-C6H4-O)5Tb]n] and [[K2(o-O2N-C6H4-O)5Ln)]n], were synthesized with larger lanthanides (Sm, Eu, Tb) under anaerobic conditions.
  • Structural differences in layer packing and channel formation were observed based on lanthanide size and coordination.

Conclusions:

  • The reaction of potassium o-nitrophenolate with lanthanide trichlorides yields diverse supramolecular architectures.
  • Lanthanide ionic radius and reaction atmosphere are critical factors controlling the formation of chains, clusters, or layers.
  • The study highlights the tunability of lanthanide coordination chemistry for designing novel materials.