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Related Experiment Videos

Schema induction in problem solving: a multidimensional analysis.

Zhe Chen1, Lei Mo

  • 1Department of Psychology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, USA. zhechen@ucdavis.edu

Journal of Experimental Psychology. Learning, Memory, and Cognition
|April 22, 2004
PubMed
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Schema formation in problem solving is key. Variant problem-solving procedures lead to flexible schemas, enhancing transfer learning, while less varied problems create rigid mental sets, hindering adaptability.

Area of Science:

  • Cognitive Psychology
  • Problem Solving Research

Background:

  • Schema formation is crucial for effective problem solving.
  • Understanding how different learning experiences shape schemas is essential for cognitive flexibility.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate the impact of procedural variations in learning tasks on schema formation.
  • To determine how these schemas influence the ability to solve novel, isomorphic problems.

Main Methods:

  • Four experiments used tasks analogous to water jar problems.
  • Participants solved isomorphic target problems after exposure to varied or non-varied source instances.
  • Procedural features along multiple dimensions were juxtaposed.

Main Results:

Related Experiment Videos

  • Exposure to variant procedures led to slower initial learning but broader, more flexible schemas.
  • Less variant problems resulted in faster initial learning but narrower, fixed schemas (mental set).
  • A general schema facilitated solving isomorphic problems requiring novel procedures.

    • Conclusions:

    • Dimensional specificity hypothesis supported: generalization facilitates transfer across dimensions.
    • Schema flexibility is enhanced by exposure to variant procedures.
    • Cognitive flexibility in problem solving is influenced by the variability of learning experiences.