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Menstrual function after tubal sterilization.

L S Wilcox¹, B Martinez-Schnell, H B Peterson

¹Division of Reproductive Health, Centers for Disease Control, Atlanta, GA 30333.

American Journal of Epidemiology

|June 15, 1992

Summary

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This summary is machine-generated.

Tubal sterilization may lead to menstrual dysfunction, with increased pain and heavy bleeding reported by many women up to five years post-procedure. Early follow-up showed minimal changes, suggesting a delayed effect of sterilization on menstrual health.

Area of Science:

Reproductive Health
Gynecology
Surgical Outcomes

Background:

Tubal sterilization is a common procedure for female contraception in the US, with over 10 million women having undergone it.
Concerns exist regarding potential long-term menstrual dysfunction following tubal sterilization.
The Collaborative Review of Sterilization (CREST) study addresses these concerns through a large-scale, prospective investigation.

Purpose of the Study:

To analyze changes in menstrual cycle characteristics after tubal sterilization.
To determine if tubal sterilization is associated with increased risk of menstrual dysfunction.
To assess the timing of potential menstrual changes post-procedure.

Main Methods:

Prospective, multicenter study involving 5,070 women undergoing interval tubal sterilization.

Keywords:

Age Factors Americas Blacks Contraception Contraceptive Methods Chosen Contraceptive Usage Cultural Background Data Analysis Demographic Factors Developed Countries Diseases Economic Factors Educational Status Ethnic Groups Family Planning Female Sterilization--side effects Fertility Fertility Measurements Follow-up Studies Intermediate Variables Menstruation Disorders North America Northern America Pain Parity Population Population Characteristics Population Dynamics Research Methodology Research Report Sampling Studies Signs And Symptoms Socioeconomic Factors Socioeconomic Status Statistical Regression Sterilization, Sexual Studies Surveys Time Factors United States Whites

Related Experiment Videos

Data collected through interviews immediately before sterilization and annually for up to 5 years.

Longitudinal, multivariate regression analysis used to control for baseline function and confounders.

Main Results:

Five years post-sterilization, 35% reported high menstrual pain, 49% heavy flow, and 10% intermenstrual spotting.
In the first year, reported menstrual dysfunction rates were similar to pre-sterilization levels (27% pain, 41% heavy flow, 7% spotting).
A notable increase in menstrual dysfunction symptoms was observed between the first and fifth year follow-ups.

Conclusions:

Tubal sterilization may be associated with the development or worsening of menstrual dysfunction over time.
Menstrual changes, if they occur, may not be apparent in the first year after sterilization.
Further research is needed to confirm these findings, considering potential cohort aging and study limitations.