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Functionally gradient bonelike hydroxyapatite coating on a titanium metal substrate created by a discharging method
Yo Shibata1, Hidetoshi Takashima, Hiroki Yamamoto
1Department of Oral Biomaterials and Technology, Showa University School of Dentistry, Tokyo, Japan. yookun@dent.showa-u.ac.jp
The International Journal of Oral & Maxillofacial Implants
|April 23, 2004
Summary
A novel discharging method created a thin, crystalline hydroxyapatite coating on titanium. This bonelike coating, similar to human bone, shows excellent adhesion and a gradient function for potential biomedical applications.
Area of Science:
- Biomaterials Science
- Surface Engineering
- Materials Chemistry
Background:
- Titanium and its alloys are widely used in biomedical implants due to their excellent mechanical properties and biocompatibility.
- Developing effective surface coatings for titanium is crucial to enhance osseointegration and reduce implant failure.
- Hydroxyapatite (HA) coatings mimic natural bone mineral, promoting bone regeneration and improving implant fixation.
Purpose of the Study:
- To evaluate the quality of hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium surfaces.
- To investigate the feasibility of using a discharging method in Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS-) for coating titanium.
- To characterize the crystalline structure, chemical composition, and adhesion of the prepared coatings.
Main Methods:
- Titanium plates were used as cathodes in a laboratory-developed coating device immersed in HBSS-.
- Discharging was applied at 1 A and 10 V for 90, 270, and 540 seconds.
- Coating characterization involved X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM).
Main Results:
- Crystalline hydroxyapatite coatings were formed after 540 seconds of discharging, confirmed by FTIR and XRD.
- The Ca/P atomic ratio of the coatings was determined to be 1.71 by XPS, comparable to human bone.
- SEM analysis revealed a close adhesion between the approximately 1-micrometer thick coatings and the titanium substrate, with an increasing titanium suboxide layer thickness.
Conclusions:
- The discharging method in HBSS- successfully produced thin, crystalline, bonelike hydroxyapatite coatings on titanium.
- The coatings exhibited a gradient function and strong adhesion to the substrate.
- The replacement of sodium ions with calcium ions appears critical for promoting HA crystallization, suggesting potential for enhanced implant performance.