Jove
Visualize
Contact Us
JoVE
x logofacebook logolinkedin logoyoutube logo
ABOUT JoVE
OverviewLeadershipBlogJoVE Help Center
AUTHORS
Publishing ProcessEditorial BoardScope & PoliciesPeer ReviewFAQSubmit
LIBRARIANS
TestimonialsSubscriptionsAccessResourcesLibrary Advisory BoardFAQ
RESEARCH
JoVE JournalMethods CollectionsJoVE Encyclopedia of ExperimentsArchive
EDUCATION
JoVE CoreJoVE BusinessJoVE Science EducationJoVE Lab ManualFaculty Resource CenterFaculty Site
Terms & Conditions of Use
Privacy Policy
Policies

Related Experiment Videos

Assessing hydroxychloroquine toxicity by the multifocal ERG.

Michael N Moschos1, Marilita M Moschos, Michael Apostolopoulos

  • 1Department of Ophthalmology, University of Athens, Greece. mosxos@hellasnet.gr

Documenta Ophthalmologica. Advances in Ophthalmology
|April 24, 2004
PubMed
Summary

The multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) may detect hydroxychloroquine (HC) retinopathy earlier than the electroretinogram (EOG). mfERG monitoring can aid in managing patients on HC treatment.

Related Concept Videos

You might also read

Related Articles

Articles linked to this work by shared authors, journal, and citation graph.

Sort by
Same author

Adherence to the Mediterranean Diet by Greek Patients With Glaucoma: An Observational Study.

Cureus·2026
Same author

Humanistic and Economic Burden of Patients With Keratoconus.

Cureus·2026
Same author

VEGF-C Aqueous Humor Levels in Patients With Primary Open Angle Glaucoma.

In vivo (Athens, Greece)·2026
Same author

Molecular Studies of <i>TCF4</i> Gene and Correlation with Late-Onset Fuchs Endothelial Corneal Dystrophy in the Greek Population: A Novel Cost-Effective Diagnostic Algorithm.

International journal of molecular sciences·2025
Same author

Psychosocial Work Environment in the Operating Room of Greek Public Hospitals: A Cross-Sectional Study Among Ophthalmology Residents Using the Copenhagen Psychosocial Questionnaire.

Cureus·2025
Same author

Comparative Proteomic Analysis of Aqueous Humor, Anterior Lens Capsules, and Crystalline Lenses in Different Human Cataract Subtypes Versus Healthy Controls.

Proteomes·2025

Area of Science:

  • Ophthalmology
  • Toxicology
  • Retinal Imaging

Background:

  • Hydroxychloroquine (HC) is widely used for autoimmune conditions.
  • HC retinopathy is a serious ocular toxicity that can lead to vision loss.
  • Early detection of HC retinopathy is crucial for preserving vision.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To evaluate the efficacy of multifocal electroretinogram (mfERG) in detecting hydroxychloroquine (HC) retinopathy.
  • To compare mfERG with electroretinography (EOG) in patients on HC treatment.
  • To assess the potential of mfERG for monitoring HC retinopathy progression and treatment response.

Main Methods:

  • Twenty patients undergoing Plaquenil (HC) treatment were assessed.
  • Ocular toxicity was evaluated using both electroretinography (EOG) and multifocal electroretinography (mfERG).

Related Experiment Videos

  • Patients were divided into groups based on EOG results (normal or subnormal).

    • Main Results:

    • In patients with normal EOG, some showed reduced mfERG responses, indicating early toxicity.
    • In patients with subnormal EOG, most exhibited decreased mfERG responses.
    • Following HC interruption, mfERG and/or EOG showed improvement in several cases, suggesting reversibility.

    Conclusions:

    • mfERG appears to be a more sensitive method than EOG for detecting early HC retinopathy.
    • mfERG can serve as a valuable tool for the early detection and follow-up of patients at risk of HC retinopathy.
    • Regular mfERG monitoring may help in timely intervention and management of HC-induced ocular toxicity.