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Updated: Aug 24, 2026

Murine Model of Epicutaneously-Induced Immunomodulation
Published on: June 24, 2025
Immunomodulation of chickens with the nonionic block polymer T150R1
William L Ragland1, Robert L Hunter
1Department of Avian Medicine, University of Georgia, Athens, Georgia, USA. wrag@rudjer.irb.hr
Abstract:
Chickens injected subcutaneously at one day of age with oil-in-water emulsions of the nonioinic block polymer T150R1 developed higher titres to sheep erythrocytes and killed Brucella abortus than did untreated chickens when they were immunised with the antigens one and two weeks later. The increase was IgM only. Cell-mediated immunity was not affected as measured by blastogenic responses. Morphometric analysis of tissue sections of bursae of Fabricius suggested the polymers were stimulating more rapid migration of B cells to peripheral organs.
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