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Updated: Aug 24, 2026

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HIF-1 and hypoxic response: the plot thickens

Lorenz Poellinger1, Randall S Johnson

  • 1Cell and Molecular Biology, the Karolinska Institute, Stockholm, Sweden.

Current Opinion in Genetics & Development
|April 28, 2004
PubMed

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Hypoxia

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Oxygen Transport in the Blood

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Hyperpnea and Hyperventilation

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Rapidly dividing tumors, embryos, and wounded tissues require more oxygen than usual, lowering the oxygen concentration in the blood. At low oxygen or hypoxic conditions, an oxygen-sensitive transcription factor called the hypoxia-inducible factor 1 or HIF1 is activated. HIF1 is a dimeric protein of alpha (ɑ) and beta (β) subunits.  Under optimal oxygen conditions, HIF1β is present in the nucleus while HIF1ɑ remains in the cytosol. HIF1ɑ is hydroxylated by prolyl hydroxylase and factor...
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Breathing, a seemingly passive process, is regulated by the respiratory center in the brainstem. This center coordinates the involuntary control of respirations, which means it occurs without conscious effort, ensuring a smooth and uninterrupted pattern.
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