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Anticipatory postural control in children.

C L Riach1, K C Hayes

  • 1McMaster University, School of Physical Education and Athletics, Hamilton, Ontario L8S 4K1, Canada.

Journal of Motor Behavior
|June 1, 1990
PubMed
Summary

Children as young as 4 years can anticipate postural changes from arm movements. However, they show longer reaction times and less coordination than adults, especially in the front-to-back direction.

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Area of Science:

  • Developmental neuroscience
  • Motor control
  • Human movement science

Background:

  • Postural responses are crucial for stability and develop early in childhood.
  • Sensory feedback plays a vital role in triggering these responses.
  • Understanding anticipatory postural adjustments in children is key to motor development research.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To investigate children's ability to anticipate postural disturbances from self-initiated movements.
  • To assess the coordination of anticipatory postural adjustments (APAs) with limb movement execution in children.
  • To compare developmental differences in anticipatory postural control between children and adults.

Main Methods:

  • Thirty-two children aged 4 to 14 years participated.
  • Participants stood on a force plate and raised their arm forward or backward upon a visual cue.
  • Center of pressure (COP) changes were recorded before and during arm movements to analyze APAs.

Main Results:

  • Anticipatory (feedforward) postural patterns were observed in children as young as 4 years and 2 months.
  • Children exhibited longer reaction times and less consistent anteroposterior postural responses compared to adults.
  • Anticipatory postural responses were more consistently initiated in the lateral plane.

Conclusions:

  • Children demonstrate the capacity for anticipatory postural adjustments from an early age.
  • Coordination of APAs with limb movements is less mature in children than in adults, particularly in the anteroposterior axis.
  • Lateral plane postural control appears more developed in children compared to the anteroposterior plane.

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