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Goals of screening.

S Shapiro1

  • 1School of Hygiene and Public Health, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, Maryland.

Cancer
|September 1, 1992
PubMed
Summary
This summary is machine-generated.

Colorectal cancer screening using fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) aims for earlier detection and reduced mortality. Definitive efficacy results from ongoing trials are pending, with differing organizational recommendations.

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Area of Science:

  • Oncology
  • Preventive Medicine
  • Gastroenterology

Background:

  • Colorectal cancer is a significant health concern, prompting research into screening effectiveness.
  • Screening aims for earlier detection and potential incidence reduction through polyp removal.
  • Four randomized clinical trials are evaluating fecal occult blood tests (FOBT) for colorectal cancer mortality reduction.

Purpose of the Study:

  • To review general issues concerning colorectal cancer screening initiation, including benefits, risks, and precision.
  • To analyze trends in colorectal cancer incidence, mortality, stage at detection, and survival rates.

Main Methods:

  • Discussion of general screening decision-making factors.
  • Review of epidemiological trends in colorectal cancer.

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  • Analysis of screening precision, benefits, and risks.

    • Main Results:

    • Colorectal cancer continues to have high incidence and mortality rates.
    • Improvements are noted in the stage at which colorectal cancer is detected and in patient survival.
    • Final results from randomized clinical trials on FOBT efficacy are not yet available.

    Conclusions:

    • Established guidelines for colorectal cancer screening exist from organizations like the American Cancer Society and National Cancer Institute.
    • Some organizations currently find insufficient evidence to recommend for or against FOBT for colorectal cancer screening.